Firstly, what does auteur theory mean? Essay

Firstly, what does auteur theory mean? It compares the film director to the author of a book, it attributes artistic control to the director and proposes that the film is the artistic project of the director primarily. His or her vision, creativity, and design determine the end result, the finished film. Basically, it means that if the director is an auteur, the film will be completely their ideas and visions and they have complete control of it. I believe Danny Boyle uses this control to make his films. Danny Boyle was born in Manchester in 1956. He started a career in theatre at the age of 18 and by the time he left the Royal Court Theatre in 1987 he was the deputy director. He also did some television direction in the 80s including Mr Wroe’s Virgins and episodes of Inspector Morse. Shallow Grave, released in 1994, was Danny Boyle’s first film. It took 30 days to film and had a budget of i 1,000,000. i 150,000 was from Glasgow Film Fund and the remaining i 850,000 came from Channel Four. Although the film was set in Edinburgh, the money from Glasgow meant that a lot of the film was made there. The film’s scriptwriter John Hodge was very clear minded about how to get the film made for â€Å"virtually nothing†, for instance the majority of the film is filmed inside a flat. Danny Boyle said the film has â€Å"fascinating character development† but not in the â€Å"traditional† way because â€Å"audiences are not there primarily to watch a character being drawn†¦ they want the excitement and speed of the journey that cinema can provide†. He described the film as â€Å"intelligent entertainment†, meaning that it doesn’t patronise audiences and there’s an agenda behind the film if they want to look for one. He, John Hodge and producer Andrew MacDonald all wanted the film to be a partnership of 3 performers. They didn’t approach one major star because they thought the audiences would all be concentrating on that one person. To prepare for the film, Boyle lived in a flat for a week with the three actors. CLIP OF SHALLOW GRAVE Trainspotting, released in 1996, was the second film from the team of Danny Boyle, Andrew MacDonald and John Hodge. The screenplay was adapted from the Irvine Welsh novel of the same name. John Hodge took some persuading to make the film – he described the novel as having â€Å"no story† and Welsh’s prose as â€Å"dialogue-driven†. Again, it took 30 days to shoot. The film cost i 1. 6 million, financed by Channel 4 who was able to pre-sell it on the back of the success of Shallow Grave. The film went on to take i 13 million worldwide and is the second highest grossing British film of all time – after Four Weddings and a Funeral. Danny Boyle thoroughly researched heroin addiction for the film – he met a lot of addicts and got them to talk to the actors and held â€Å"cookery classes† where the actors learnt how to cook up. Ewan McGregor also read all the books he could find on the subject. Ewan McGregor was the only advance casting the team made – all the other actors had to audition. Robert Carlyle expects to play the lead in a film but he accepted playing a part under McGregor so the team â€Å"knew [they] were getting thoroughbreds all the way down†. The film was criticised for its â€Å"neutral attitude† to drugs but Boyle said that patronising and preaching to today’s youth was pointless and in today’s culture you need to speak directly to them. So, the film shows the dangers drugs can provide but also the pleasures. Danny Boyle used the soundtrack in this film to move the narrative along quickly – it moves through time, but also to attract audiences. CLIP OF TRAINSPOTTING The team rejected Alien 4 in 1997 to make A Life Less Ordinary. Danny Boyle said of the Alien film â€Å"I don’t do storyboards†. He was worried he would not have the creative freedom he liked and he would become swamped in high pressure film-making. The film was bigger than their previous two – it took 50 days to shoot and had a budget of i 7. 5 million, financed by Twentieth Century Fox. Despite this and the fact it was a romantic comedy shot in Utah, Danny Boyle still considers it a British film, albeit partly so. He said he wanted to combine the two cultures as much as possible but the film wasn’t developed in America, was made by the three of them and starred Ewan McGregor. He shot the film in America and brought it home to edit. The film uses the same surrealism that sometimes appears in Trainspotting. CLIP OF A LIFE LESS ORDINARY The Beach, released in 2000, was the first film made by the team that didn’t star Ewan McGregor. It is a Hollywood film with a budget of i 25 million financed by Twenty-first Century Fox. Before the team even approached the studio, they bought the rights to the book, adapted the screenplay and travelled to Thailand to research so that when they did contact the studio, they had a script, photos of locations and knew what the budget would need to be. In Alex Garland’s original book, Leonardo DiCaprio’s character Richard is English. Boyle felt this would not have worldwide appeal so he chose to make him American and chose Leo to play him. In the film, Richard lies to his girlfriend about sleeping with another woman and later splits up with her. The studio tried to get Boyle to change these things but he retained his creative control. This film is a perfect example of how he lures audiences into his films then shocks them. This film has all elements to make a film popular – big Hollywood star, soundtrack, adventure, romance – but the story soon changes to a much darker one than an average Hollywood blockbuster. There were reports of Boyle being disrespectful to Thailand authorities and damaging land but he made every effort not to and he is proud of his end result, as this quote shows.

Careers is Purposeful

In my opinion, this course should sway from promoting improving learning skills to actually researching careers and options. As a student, I have felt inclined to only research careers that are somewhat related to my learning skills. Not to mention, this course encourages everyone to become the â€Å"model citizen†. It directs my attention from planning my career pathway to become an all-around person based on improving my weaknesses. I also believe that the assignments are too much alike each other.It would have been reasonable if learning skills and working habits were Just in the first unit. However, since It has carried all the way to the culminating, I have often found myself going back to my previous assignments and repeating parts of my answers. For instance, I liked the idea of having a Doctor Issues revisited but the results were far from promising. I understand that it's an online course, but how much are you going to change your perspectives about what you think Is a â€Å"good path† In about a week?To Improve this course, I would suggest focusing on more post-secondary options that are available to us. I found the concept of co-pop programs and apprenticeship programs very confusing. The websites I found did not clearly explain how to apply to them and what you can do after that. Although I thought It was beneficial to compare the pros ND cons of college and university, I felt that the Information pertaining to degrees and other Information was missed. Specifically, telling students to research a career of Interest Is not as helpful as telling us what we can do with each degree.Whilst we will be choosing our university In the upcoming years, It would have been beneficial to give us tips on what to look for when choosing a university. For the purpose of self-regulation, the Careers course has done a good Job. However, In terms of assisting me with my career options and pathway, It has not been as purposeful as It could have been. Assign ments Like Planning All Possible Pathways are excellent assignments to assist students with the career planning. I think that If this course Implements some of my Ideas Like this, then It can be more purposeful and beneficial.Careers is Purposeful By armillary learning skills and working habits were Just in the first unit. However, since it has perspectives about what you think is a â€Å"good path† in about a week? To improve this what you can do after that. Although I thought it was beneficial to compare the pros and cons of college and university, I felt that the information pertaining to degrees and other information was missed. Specifically, telling students to research a career of interest is not as helpful as telling us what we can do with each degree.Whilst we will be choosing our university in the upcoming years, it would have been beneficial self-regulation, the Careers course has done a good Job. However, in terms of assisting me with my career options and pathway, it has not been as purposeful as it could have been. Assignments like Planning All Possible Pathways are excellent assignments to assist students with the career planning. I think that if this course implements some of my ideas like this, then it can be more purposeful and

Public relations campaign for Shell FuelSave Essay

Public relations campaign for Shell FuelSave - Essay Example Shell is present in more than 90 countries worldwide, has 93,000 full-time employees, and maintains a fuel retail network of around 43,000 service stations Royal Dutch Shell C (2001). In 2010, Shell was able to produce 3.3 million barrels of oil equivalent per day while it generated earnings of $20.5 billion Royal Dutch Shell C (2001). It spent $23.7 billion on net capital investment while it spent over $1.0 billion on research and development (R&D). The business operations of Shell are classified under three major categories—upstream, downstream, and projects and technology. Firstly, Shell Upstream is involved in the search and recovery of oil and natural gas; and the extraction of heavy oil from oil sands for conversion into synthetic crudes Royal Dutch Shell C (2001). Secondly, Shell Downstream is involved in the manufacturing, supplying, and marketing of oil products and chemicals worldwide. Businesses under manufacturing and supply include â€Å"refineries, chemical plan ts, and the supply and distribution of feedstocks and other products†. ... II. The Launch of FuelSave Maingrade Fuels With the company’s emphasis on bringing innovation into its fuel products, Shell launched its maingrade unleaded and diesel fuels under the name FuelSave. According to Royal Dutch Shell C (2001), the primary attributes of the product banked on a highly unique feature called the â€Å"Advanced Efficiency Improver† which was designed to improve the fuel economy of every car by lubricating areas in the engine where normal engine oils cannot reach, as stated by Royal Dutch Shell D (2011). Through this, FuelSave Unleaded and FuelSave Diesel promised to help its drivers â€Å"Save up to one liter per tank†. By bolstering the idea of fuel saving, Shell intended to contribute its important share in solving the worldwide problem on ballooning fuel demand. Although the big idea of saving seemed appealing to any vehicle driver, FuelSave caters to a specific and well-defined target market. Defined by their practicality and a mindset that is driven by wanting to get the maximum benefit in all the products they use, these fuel customers are commonly called Smart Drivers. They are customers who are very sensitive to changes in price, but critically analyze the value in the products they buy, as concluded by IBM Business Consulting Services (2005). To them, fuel is slowly becoming a luxury more than a necessity due to the continued increase in price. Since abandoning their car and taking the public transportation is not an option, the only choice for them is to shoulder the hiking fuel prices. However, they may become occasional switchers especially when they do not get the value they expect from their fuel purchase, as summarized by Manzano (2005). In this light, it can be said that although these

Project on leaflet ordering within the workplace Essay

Project on leaflet ordering within the workplace - Essay Example These provide customers with comprehensive information regarding tenancy, ownership, entitlements, neighbourhood plans, safety, security and all supportive systems forming part of the housing scheme. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the process and effectiveness of changes implemented in the ordering and display of customer information leaflets at KHT’s six offices across the borough. When undertaking changes in any part of an organization’s functioning, the individual, team and organizational levels need to be taken into account. Effectively addressing the issues that require change through relevant management processes, leads to the required results. It is essential to consider beneficial outcomes for customers, cost-effectiveness for the organization, have both vision and pragmatism, â€Å"pay attention to global and local issues, and encourage individual accountability at the same time as enabling team work† (Cameron and Green 2004, p.3). Effective management of change provides competitive advantage, improves enterprise and helps to consistently meet organizational goals. Managing change is a â€Å"complex, dynamic and challenging process† (Paton and McCalman 2000, p.2) involving assessment of the situation, planning tactical, strategic processes, and implementing operational changes. The work profile includes travelling to each of the Knowsley Housing Trust (KHT) offices on a weekly basis, to check whether all leaflets pertaining to KHT and its various benefit schemes, support and services are displayed correctly. A short notice inspection revealed that some of the leaflets displayed were out of date. Secondly, it was found that staff members were not willing to take responsibility towards stock taking and ordering fresh stocks according to the requirement. This resulted in the ordering of excessive numbers of the information leaflets, causing expensive wastage. A

List of topics attached Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

List of topics attached - Essay Example The ethnic conflicts which appeared immediately after the cold war resulted in the disintegration of Sviet Union, Czechos...lovakia and Yugoslavia. There exist various different ethnic, racial, national, linguistic and cultural groups in most of the countries today. Majority of countries on the world map are composed of more than one ethnic group and thus there is diversity in almost all the countries of the world (McGarry and O’Leary, 1993). At times some of the ethnic groups of the society which are in minority do not get recognition and thus equal rights from the other ethnic groups and in such scenarios the minority ethnic groups are practically thrown out of the society which leads to ethnic conflicts. In a state ethnic conflicts are born in circumstances when there is an identity crisis and conflict between various ethnic groups leading to internal conflict in a state. Other types of conflicts are also related to ethnic conflicts, these include ideological conflicts, gov ernance conflicts, racial conflicts and environmental conflicts. The most commonly observed reasons behind the emergence of differences between various groups living in the same country are religious, tribal, linguistic and ethnic differences. These differences very often incolve a mixture of identity and the search for security where prime contention concerns the devolution of power. Ethnicity is sometimes defined as the division of people living in an area into identity groups. Ethnic groups are historically given collectivities and psychological communities, these things can be observed very clearly in Iraq where the total population of the country is not only divide between groups on the basis of racial and ethnic differences, the country has also been divided over various sectarian conflicts i.e. between Shia Muslims and Sunni Muslims. The conflicts going on in Iraq and in some parts of Afghanistan can be classified as ethnic conflicts. Thesis Statement Eversince the beginning of war on terror and the ivasion of Iraq and Afghanistan by the international security forces, a series of conflicts have been observed in these areas which are primarily due to the imposed instability which was caused by the War on Terror. The media reports generated by unbiased agencies and the various researches which have been conducted in Iraq and Afghanistan, a basic difference have been observed to exist between the situation of sectarian conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. It has been observed that sectarian violence and extremism is more pronounced in Iraq than in Afghanistan. There are a number of factors which can be stated as the reason behind

Conference narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conference narrative - Essay Example Overall; the point is about how consuming would influence learning. Primarily, we went to the UW library to listen to a presentation, which gave us the method about getting resources. The primary objective is to find two-scholar resources about how caffeine and milk would influence learning. In the beginning, I thought it was easy. However, the scholar articles are too long to read, and more, it is hard to know the evidences they have given. I used the Wikipedia a lot in to help understand the concept. However, with time, I came to understand all these articles, and I was ready to discuss all the details to my classmates on Monday. On September 8, I primarily talked about how the caffeine and milk would affect learning. Caffeine would help damage, diminish and obstructs the minds of receptors on our cerebrum. This would support the cerebrum movement. Subsequently, understudies as well as students could remember stuffs quickly. In any case, the research demonstrates that individuals should not drink caffeine, or other beverages containing caffeine when they are sick, because it may cause various therapeutic complications. In addition, the aspect of Milk and its use was the subject as I shared with the members of the group. At the end of the class, I discover one thing intriguing is that, individuals just thought about their part and would disregard others work, even we were in the same group. During the presentation based on my views, my group points out that I need to speak more about how caffeine and milk would influence learning instead of saying something about how it affects ones health. From this perception, I realized that as the only international students in our group, the language barrier was an issue and would be a huge problem since my native language was Chinese. Had no option but to try my level best as far my topic was of concern. Therefore, had to make a plan on

Schistosomiasis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Schistosomiasis - Term Paper Example al 2013). One part of the world that has been seriously affected by various types of diseases can be said to be Africa and one common disease that is found in the tropical segments of this continent is Schistosomiasis. What is Schistosomiasis? Schistosomiasis is more popularly known as bilharzia or snail fever and refers to several parasitic ailments (The Carter Center, 2013). The name is derived from the fact that the parasitic diseases can be caused by a number of trematodes species that belong to a genus known as Schistosoma (Thetiot-Laurent et. al 2013). It is also called snail fever because snails happen to act as intermediaries between hosts (that is, hosts that are categorized under mammals.). The snails can be said to carry the disease and affect those who may come into contact with them or their surrounding environment such as small water bodies (Crichton-Harris, 2009). The infected snails contaminate the water that they are in and when this water is used by an individual, t hey open themselves up to the possibility of getting infected. Its contraction through contaminated water is one of the reasons that this disease is a problem in Africa as many individuals from rural regions do not have access to sanitized water and therefore are at a greater risk of being infected due to their environment. Non-sanitized water is a big problem in many parts of Africa and thus diseases such as bilharzia have a greater transmission rate as compared to other regions in the world (James et. al 2006). In most cases schistosomiasis is a chronic illness that can have a serious effect on those who contract it. The disease has the capability to damage the internal organs of an individual if the disease is not treated quickly. Schistosomiasis can also have serious consequences for children as they face the risk of cognitive development impairment and growth can sometimes be affected as well (James et. al 2006). Some forms of schistosomiasis such as urinary schistosomiasis inc rease the risks for an individual with regard to other diseases such as bladder cancer (Strickland, 2006). Signs and Symptoms There are a number of symptoms that one can look for to identify whether an individual has been infected with the parasitic disease. Some of the symptoms that an individual may suffer from include physical aspects such as suffering from diarrhea, fever and a cough. The individual may also experience abdominal pains as well as fatigue when they have not been very active (Botros et. al 2005). During the initial stages of the infection, the individual may suffer from mild itching where the body came into contact with the contaminated water. These symptoms can be confused for something else or even overlooked all together thus it is essential that individuals living in areas where they are under risk of infection be vigilant in ensuring that they are able to detect the disease during its early stages. As the disease progresses there are a number of symptoms that enter into the fray of action but will require medical tests to be identified. These symptoms include an increase in the individual’s white blood cells in the body (Thetiot-Laurent et. al 2013). Organs such as the liver and the spleen may also turn out enlarged as the disease progresses. Urinary schistosomiasis may also result in the development of sores in the genital area. This is one of the more serious symptoms as the lesions that are developed in that area

Differentiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Differentiation - Essay Example Therefore we say that differentiation is the respect for individual differences among learners. There are certain ways on how I implement proper differentiation techniques. At the onset, I set very clear learning goals. I explain the subject syllabi; the topics to be explained for the entire school year, the requirements for the class and expected students' learning outputs, the time table for every topic, and discuss my expectations from the class. Upon the start of every lesson, I lay down specific objectives. For instance, if I start the topic on Measurements I inform the class of the objectives which is after studying the lesson, they should be able to illustrate the development of measurement from primitive to the present international systems of units; and be familiar with the standards of measure. In this manner, the class is well informed of what to expect and enable them to prepare themselves for the tasks to come. I pre-assess students; who are those lacking some precursor skills, who among those already know some, or a great deal about the topic ahead, what are the students' interests and how it can help them deal with the topics to be learned, and finally how students learn best. I use various pre-assessment tools, from written tests, to board work, and work books. Knowing where areas they are good at and the way they absorb the lesson will help me as a teacher to prepare instructional materials suited to their level of understanding. It is expected that in an effectively differentiated class it should include whole class and small group instructional time since with that I can target students' particular interests and needs in the context of helping all my students achieve their desired goal. Throughout the time, I continuously monitor student progress to better understand who might need more complex materials, additional teacher support and intervention to master key concepts, and additional time on a topic either because of deeper liking to the subject matter or because of a need for more support. In the latter case, I also encourage paired activities to where I pair up one that I identified to be good at the topic and one who is quite poor. That way, peer learning is encouraged and they solve mathematical problems together. The better ones would explain the solutions in their own words and ways and somehow it makes understanding easier for the other students. This is enlisting the help of students to make the class work as smoothly as it can in ways that allow consideration to individual needs. It is also beneficial that students would use different materials, work with different tasks, and work in different student groupings, or even have special homework. A similar a ctivity about fractions happened to my class where I assigned various activities for the different groups. I gave one group to answer verbal problems; another is to create a model that would show the divisions of the parts and represent it in fraction forms, and last is drawing the diagram of real numbers and give as many examples on fractions. It is however a fact that no classroom can be a perfect fit for every student every minute of every day, but it should at least be the case where students generally feel both challenged

Business Plan-Development of an online fitness service Essay

Business Plan-Development of an online fitness service - Essay Example A bigger percentage of their personal contribution is invested in conducting market research. An effective market research informs the business, it is through these researches that the investors identify viable business opportunities and the best ways of operating the facilities (ALBRECHT, 2011). They however, opt not to include the amount used in conducting the market research since the amount is not directly invested in the business. Its contribution to the profitability of the business is therefore indirectly related to the actual operations of the business. The ten thousand pounds is used to secure a business premise. This is an online gym and do not therefore require a big actual space. Despite this understanding, the business still requires a premise in which the actual operations will take place. The investors will require a space to set up their computers and an actual gym in which they will produce their training tutorials. Online gym implies that the business invests in vending exercise tutorials over the internet. In this, the business requires the production of high quality, effective and timely exercise units that thereby give relevance to the actual space for which the investors apportion five thousand pounds. They purchase the space, which makes the building a fixed asset for the investors. The investors apportion an additional four thousand pounds in the purchase of equipment. This includes the gym facilities and computers. Some of this equipment eventually wear and tear down but a majority of these such as the all-important computers and the training facilities. The equipment will possibly be used for more than a single financial year; this therefore makes it insensitive to place such assets as current. However, the usability of these facilities rely heavily on the safety mechanism that the investors sets up for their business. In case of a

Strategic Management Essay Example for Free

Strategic Management Essay Toyota Motor Corporation is a famous Japanese multinational corporation, and is considered the world’s second largest automaker of automobiles, trucks, buses, robots, and providing financial services. When Toyota and other Japanese carmakers entered the American market, they were not considered as a threat to the American auto industry because it was believed their cars had no appeal to American consumers However, in the 1970s, due to several problems like environmental regulations, and quality control issues with American cars, a good number of American car owners began searching for alternatives to poorly made American cars. In response to these changes, Toyota and other Japanese carmakers aggressively marketed their cars to Americans as being fuel-efficient, environmentally friendly, and having better build quality than American cars. In addition, Toyota marketed their cars with commercials involving young Toyota drivers jumping in the air. As a result, the Japanese’s marketing campaign along with continuing problems from the Big Three auto manufacturers, allowed import cars to make up about 20 percent of the US car market by 1980. Stage1. General Motors, Ford and Daimler-Chrysler focused in the late 1990s on mergers and acquisitions for improving their business positions to meet future challenges. Toyota, meanwhile, centered its business strategy on technological innovation and persistent environmental product development. The price of oil was not especially high during the 1990s when Toyota started its hybrid car program. Oil prices were below US $20 barrel in 1994 and were to fall to a 50-year low around 1997 when the Toyota Prius was first sold in Japan. Clearly something else was driving Toyota and other Japanese companies to invest so heavily in hybrid car development. There are three probable reasons: 1 . High petrol taxes in Japan, due to the Japanese government wanting to reduce the dependence of Japan on imported oil. While this would have certainly driven the Japanese development of hybrid cars, petrol was cheap in the key US market at this time. 2) The potential to gain a market advantage by developing the key technologies required to successfully commercialize hybrid cars, and then owning these developments via patents. 3) The expectation that ownership of these key fuel savings technologies would become very valuable when world oil prices rise from the lows of the mid-1990s, which was a fair long-term assumption to make during this period. Stage2: Decision Making Process: In 1994, the executive team acknowledged the potential threat of depleting oil reserves and climate change and change their strategy or products to meet the needs of future customers. Course of Action: Toyota set up a group tasked with meeting the challenge of creating a vehicle for the 21st century, which would work within the parameters of natural resource constraints and environmental issues. Commitment to course of action: Toyota pioneered the concept of Hybrid (petrol/electric) technology to mass produce the world’s first eco-efficient vehicle, the Toyota Prius. Evaluation of decision/re-engineering: The first prototype of the car had even faced starting problem. It took almost six months to roll the car. Finally, when the car started, it moved for a few yards only. It was hard to imagine that Toyota, which was known for its efficient production systems, was facing such trouble. Initially it felt that ‘Prius’ was a case of technological problems, impossible demands and multiple miscalculations. It proved how a great company could overcome obstacles and turn a dream into reality. Though ‘Prius’ represented only a small fraction of the nine million cars and trucks that the Japanese company planned to produce in 2006, it would be the first vehicle to provide a serious alternative to internal combustion engines, designed for a world of scarce oil and was branded as ‘The car for the future’. Stage3: Toyota carefully studied the US market and sees there is a growing oil crisis and foresees a need for change in the structure for cars, converting their needs to oil saving cars. While American car manufactures lacked producing such cars, then Toyota caught that opportunity and tried to occupy this niche market. By 2002, it was being sold in North America, Japan, Europe, Hong Kong, Australia and Singapore. Analysts opined that the demand for hybrid cars would rise because of the unstable oil prices and the growing need for environment friendly products. Post Evaluation By examining the external environment and acknowledging the potential threats of depleting resources and increased concern over environmental issues, Toyota have turned a threat into a business opportunity, boosting their reputation both as an environmentally conscious and as technological innovators and established themselves as leaders in this growing market. The car industry faces many complex issues, but the introduction of the Prius provided Toyota with a competitive advantage. RoadMap to the development Process of Toyota Prius. Stage1| Stage2| Stage3| Executive level| 1 Expressed concern about the future of the automobile2. Embarked a new project called G21 to the team3. Communicated the vision and priorities to the team| 1. The executive team acknowledged the potential threat of depleting oil2. Challenged the team for the innovation of new model using new technology| 1. Toyota unveiled the Prius in Japan in October 1997, two months ahead of schedule. 2. Made strategy plans for introducing cars to US and other prospective continents| Management and Team level| 1. Engaged in improving the existing internal combustion engine technology2. Started making refinements to the existing technology | 1. Team committed to the course of action using hybrid technology. 2. Came up with around 80 alternatives. 3. Identified numerous problems heat, reliability, noise, and cost. 4. Narrowed the list to four models. 5. After endless fussing and tweaking, the team finally reached 66 miles per gallon the 100% mileage improvement. | 1. Team has started putting efforts towards with second and third generation Prius. 2. Redesigned the model for making it more appealing to the consumers. | Marketing /Sales Team| 1. Identification of the growing oil prices. 2. Identification of Growing middle class around the world. | 1. Raised the concern that Premium price for the hybrid would make it impossible to sell. 2. Challenged with building consumer technology awareness. | 1. Devised new marketing ways to cut down dealership costs in US. 2. Devised new ways to boost the sales through internet, relied on grass-roots marketing, and public relations events|.

Wars with American Involvement

Wars with American Involvement Brian Jerozal   The United States has become a symbol of freedom around the world and continues to strive to help maintain peace. Now is this something that the United States needs to do the quick answer is no but most of their effort is to prevent certain actions taking place beforehand. There have been a lot of altercations that without the United States helping things may have gone differently. For this argument, the United States should help out when it needs to but other countries can not only depend on the United States for help. The United States should be a policing power in the world because of such battles like the Spanish-American War, World War I, World War II, Gulf War, Bosnian War, and the war in Afghanistan. The Spanish-American War occurred in 1898 when Cuba was struggling for their independence from Spain. This was a concern for the United States since they had many invested business in Cuba as well as citizens there. Before the United States would commit to anything they would send a battleship the USS Maine to the Havana harbor. On February 15th 1898 the USS Maine and would push the United States into war with Spain. Though they wanted to remain neutral with the conflict they were drawn in with the attack on the USS Maine. The resulting conflict lead to the Treaty of Paris which was signed on December 10th 1898 which Spain would renounce its claim over Cuba, ceded Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States and transfer the sovereignty over the Philippines (Trask, 2011). In 1917 the United States would enter World War I when they were trying to remain neutral again to stay out of the conflict. This was changed however when Germany would use its submarines to attack neutral ships. The Germans violated its pledge to suspend restricted submarine warfare in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean (Randolph, 2011). Germany would attack and kill passenger ships claiming they were carrying supplies to Allied nations. Because of this broken pledge and also that Germany was trying to get Mexico to join them in their cause prompted the United States to enter the war. The war would end with Germany surrendering in 1918 which would lead to the Treaty of Versailles. World War II started in 1939, while the United States would remain out of the war until 1941. The United states would remain neutral and only support the war with its resources to the Allies until the attack of Peral Harbor on December 7, 1941. The United States would have to face fascist aggression and the militaristic ideology of the Axis powers. The United States would provide the strong industry and manpower that would help turn the course of the war. With the end of World War II in 1945 it would lead to the creation of the United Nations which is supposed to maintain the peace and security of the world. The Gulf War began on August 2nd, 1990 and was in response to the invasion of Kuwait from Iraq. This war was made of mainly the United States and coalition forces that saw this incident as an unjust and uncalled for. When the invasion first started, fellow Arab powers called upon the United States to intervene (History.com, 2009). The coalition would raise 700,000 troops but 540,000 were United States military members and would lead the forces that would start the great air campaign and later push in with ground forces (Britannica, 2016). The war would end on February 28, 1991 and would lead to the Iraqi forces retreating Kuwait and also lead to the UN to pass Resolutions that would create a cease-fire and create a special commission to inspect Iraqs chemical and biological weapons if they had any. The Bosnia War which took place in 1992 and was the second most act of genocide since World War II with the Nazi regime. This war would kill up to 200,000 Muslim civialins and over two million would become refugees during the conflict. The United States would remain out of the conflict and help produce cease fire treaties which were later broke by the Bosnian Serbs. This would have led to the United States to take firm action and lead a massive bombing campaign against the Bosnia forces key military positions. Following this the United States would force the Serb leaders to talk peace and sign agreement that would end the conflict as well as have the leaders face war crimes (The History, 1999). The War in Afghanistan was driven by an attack on the United States by the Taliban that would bring a very long drawn out war. After the attack on the World Trade Center in New York City the United States would demand for the leader of the Taliban Osama Bin Laden be turned over for war crimes. It would not be until 2011 that the leader would be found and killed by American forces in Pakistan. After this the United States, would help by leaving behind a peacekeeping military force to help rebuild the country. This would be a slow withdrawal of troops after 2014 until 2016. This was a long drawn out style war which from experience I spent most of my career in being deployed to this country where we help try to bring a stable government. In conclusion, there have been many wars in United States history and some could have been avoided. This is not the view though of America when they feel something is unjust and unfair they will step up and stand for what they think is right. There may be views that the United States should leave other countries alone and worry about their own country. That the United States is a kind of bully that if you dont believe in their point of view then they will attack you. This is not the case the United States takes on the role of policing of the world not that it craves power or wants to show off its might. The United States is a super power and it needs to act like one by helping out those that need it or ask for help and will fight for the rights of all around the world. References History.com Staff. (2009). Persian Gulf War. Retrieved March 06, 2017, from http://www.history.com/topics/persian-gulf-war Randolph, S., Dr. (2011). U.S. Entry into World War I, 1917. Retrieved March 06, 2017, from https://history.state.gov/milestones/1914-1920/wwi The Editors of Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. (2016). Persian Gulf War. Retrieved March 06, 2017, from https://www.britannica.com/event/Persian-Gulf-War The History Place Genocide in the 20th Century: Bosnia-Herzegovina 1992-95. (1999). Retrieved March 06, 2017, from http://www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/genocide/bosnia.htm Trask, D. (2011, June 22). The Spanish-American War. Retrieved from https://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/trask.html

How does neglect during infancy affect cognitive development in young c

Child maltreatment takes on many forms and child neglect is the most common. Studies have found that child neglect can be more detrimental to development than physical abuse (Colvert, E., Rutter, M., Kreppner, J., Beckett, C., Castle, J., Groothues, C. & Sonuga-Barke, 2008). Despite this fact, neglect is the least commonly reported form of maltreatment, as it does not leave bruises and marks like physical abuse (DiPanfilis, D., 2006). Neglect during infancy has been found to affect all aspects of development: physical, cognitive, and psychosocial (Hawley, T., Gunner, M., 2000). This paper will examine the effects neglect has on specific areas of cognitive functioning. According to Jean Piaget we all go through stages of cognitive development that aid us in constructing our knowledge of the world. During infancy we are in Piaget’s sensorimotor stage where we begin our construction of the world by coordinating what we think, touch, smell and taste with how we move (Santrock, J., 2011). When an infant is not given the opportunity to explore their world they are not able to progress through the sensorimotor phase effectively. Various factors may lead to the insufficient progression through the sensorimotor stage but this paper will focus specifically on neglect. Neglect is difficult to define in terms of a set of behaviors that are synonymous with neglect because what is considered neglect varies based on the age and developmental level of the child. For the purpose of this paper neglect will be defined as the denial of proper physical, educational, emotional and moral attention and care (DiPanfilis, D., 2006). In 2008 Child Protective Services received 3.3 million reports of child maltreatment and seventy-one percent of them we... ...uncil on the Developing Child, & National Forum on Early Childhood Policy and Programs. (2011). Building the Brain’s â€Å"Air Traffic Control† System: How Early Experiences Shape the Development of Executive Function. Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. Retrieved from http://developingchild.harvard.edu/ 8. Eigsti, I., & Cicchetti, D. (2004). The impact of child maltreatment on expressive syntax at 60 months. Developmental Science, 7(1), 88-102. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00325.x 9. Majer, M., Nater, U. M., Lin, J.-M. S., Capuron, L., & Reeves, W. C. (2010). Association of Childhood Trauma with Cognitive Function in Healthy Adults: A Pilot Study. BMC Neurology. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/ pdfviewer?sid=95e34d47-cde9-4f93-b9ba-82931731842d%40sessionmgr14&vid=1&hid=25

Servitude and Power Essay -- Literary Analysis, Shakespeare

What is servitude? What is power? Are these things sought by all humans or is it something that is forced upon us? Servitude is a slavery or bondage of any type. Power is strength in ability to do. The fact about humanity remains that we are all influenced in all lifestyles by these two simple words. Shakespeare’s â€Å"The Tempest† focuses on these themes of power and servitude and presents them to us in a manner that shows the true egotistical side of humanity and the lengths that we will go to get what we want. Here the question is posed: Who is the slave and what is to gain? It is true that many of the characters show aspects of slavery, making â€Å"each character† the answer; but individually, each character still gives its own representation to the topic. A relationship that breaks the mold and does not fit with all the other human struggles for power on the island is the one between Miranda and Ferdinand. Their struggle does not match all the others and t hey have different gains in mind from everyone else. Miranda just under fifteen years old is gentle and compassionate to say the least and is very passive. She is born with â€Å"a knowledge of the common humanity in which all men participate† (Douglas 233,236). You can easily see her emotional state and compassion in her very first lines: â€Å"O, I have suffered / With those that I saw suffer!† she says of the shipwreck (1.2.5–6), and hearing Prospero’s tale of their narrow escape from Milan, she says â€Å"I, not rememb’ring how I cried out then, / Will cry it o’er again† (1.2.158-160). However, even though Miranda is very passive in some ways, she has a few moments where she demonstrates strength and power that further complicates how we view this naà ¯ve girl. This first moment captures the s... ... there are here! / How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world / That has such people in 't". (5.1.215-218) Through this passage, and many of her others, Miranda shows a positive attitude which is almost strange when compared to the other characters. He could have easily agreed and receieved help from her but he affirms the honor of his intentions. However, until those intentions are tested not even he can be sure of them. â€Å"His only weakness seems to be an inclination to sit and admire her when he should be using time to complete work the point is made in terms of remembering and forgetting.† (Douglas 233,236) This weakness is made very clear when he states: My sweet mistress Weeps when she seems me work, and says such baseness Had never like executor. I forget; But these sweet thoughts do even refresh my labours, Most busy least when I do it. (3.1.11-15)

coma :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book starts out with a woman, Nancy Greenly, going to the Boston Memorial Hospital because she is having an extra heavy period. After being examined, she is going to have an operation in OR room 8. Something happens during the operation, and Nancy becomes brain dead.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Susan Wheeler, a medical student, is waking up for her first day in the field after two years of studying to become a medical doctor. She is very attractive with blond hair. She has blue, brown, and flecks of green in her eyes. When she and five other medical students go the Boston Memorial Hospital, all that the nurses think of them is that they are nuisances. They find Mark Bellows, who will be watching over them while they were staying at the hospital. Bellows plans to give a lecture every morning, and have one of the students give a lecture every afternoon. After they go to an OR room to see a real operation, they see Nancy Greenly and Susan is shocked at what happened to her. Bellows tells her that the chance of something like that happening is one in one hundred thousand. When Bellows is talking to them, Susan gets paged and is needed to start an I.V. The patient, Sean Berman is having a minor knee surgery. When Sean is in surgery, the same thing that happened to Nancy Greenly happens to him too, and Susan decides to research the topic for her third year report and find out why these two things have happened in such a short time when the chances are so slim.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This is my least favorite part. The first thing that Susan does is go to the hospital library to research coma. She finds out that no one really knows why anyone goes into a coma, and that the subject is so vast it is unbelievable. She writes down everything she finds out in her notebook. She then finds the main computer of the hospital and fills out a request form for all cases of coma occurring to inpatients which were unrelated to the patients known disease. She didn't sign her name, though, and when someone else put their request in the box she put it under his so that the information would be sent to that person who was Henry Schwartz. When he got his information with Susan's on the bottom, she told him that there was a mix-up and her request was put with his, so he gave her the bottom part of the printout. coma :: essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book starts out with a woman, Nancy Greenly, going to the Boston Memorial Hospital because she is having an extra heavy period. After being examined, she is going to have an operation in OR room 8. Something happens during the operation, and Nancy becomes brain dead.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Susan Wheeler, a medical student, is waking up for her first day in the field after two years of studying to become a medical doctor. She is very attractive with blond hair. She has blue, brown, and flecks of green in her eyes. When she and five other medical students go the Boston Memorial Hospital, all that the nurses think of them is that they are nuisances. They find Mark Bellows, who will be watching over them while they were staying at the hospital. Bellows plans to give a lecture every morning, and have one of the students give a lecture every afternoon. After they go to an OR room to see a real operation, they see Nancy Greenly and Susan is shocked at what happened to her. Bellows tells her that the chance of something like that happening is one in one hundred thousand. When Bellows is talking to them, Susan gets paged and is needed to start an I.V. The patient, Sean Berman is having a minor knee surgery. When Sean is in surgery, the same thing that happened to Nancy Greenly happens to him too, and Susan decides to research the topic for her third year report and find out why these two things have happened in such a short time when the chances are so slim.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This is my least favorite part. The first thing that Susan does is go to the hospital library to research coma. She finds out that no one really knows why anyone goes into a coma, and that the subject is so vast it is unbelievable. She writes down everything she finds out in her notebook. She then finds the main computer of the hospital and fills out a request form for all cases of coma occurring to inpatients which were unrelated to the patients known disease. She didn't sign her name, though, and when someone else put their request in the box she put it under his so that the information would be sent to that person who was Henry Schwartz. When he got his information with Susan's on the bottom, she told him that there was a mix-up and her request was put with his, so he gave her the bottom part of the printout.

Fable & Story Essay

The paper revolves around a fable that talks about the systems development and implementation in a certain organization, for which the managers are discussing the methodologies, project management, training users, involving users in gathering the requirements, and communicating among them. Mr. John is the director of IT department, Stephen is the CEO of the company, and Harry is the Leader selected for the new project. Stephen: Hi there John, I have heard you have some kind of proposal for the company; what’s that? John: You’re right, and the company desperately needs to introduce some change in its IT systems. Stephen: I’m eager to listen to it; please go on with your proposal. John: Sir as we all know that the information database system of our company has been experiencing some shortcomings in the recent past, and is not able to assimilate the changes of this dynamic environment efficiently. Hence, our company needs to introduce and implement a new ERP system as soon as possible that matches the needs and demands of changing requirements of our company, customers, suppliers, and industry. Stephen: Hmmm†¦ Agree†¦ So, have you come with the methods to bring it on considering the cost benefit analysis along with SWOT analysis? Listen John, (leaning forward) this is not an easier a job, and surely requires perfection in every aspect as to prevent losses from huge investments. John: Yeah, I understand†¦ (Sigh) Stephen: What’s up with the project management and other problems that might come up in the introductory and implementation stage? How are we going to handle all that? And yes, what about the costs or investment; can we afford it at this time of situation? John: I’m totally aware of such issues that might stir up Mr. Stephen, and to overcome or prevent them, we must have a leader for this project. You know Mr. Harry I guess, don’t you? Due to his excellent leadership skills, he would be the project manager who would look around and lead the overall implementation of new ERP system. And yes, costs are high but affordable; you know we are not in a situation to sacrifice our company’s productivity and efficiency for just an additional one time investment. Harry, explain the rest to Mr. Stephen about how would you handle the training programs, information gathering, and communication. Harry: Well Mr. Stephen, our employees would definitely need to be trained since the new ERP system is a lot different than the existing one. We would hire expertise from different companies who have the same ERP system, and on-the-job training sessions would be arranged for few weeks. Stephen: Sounds good, but what about the requirements that the employees would feel to have for the purpose of customizing their work needs and have familiarity with the system? Harry: Hmmm†¦ For that, the ERP system would help them†¦ Yes, the system has different modules for different usages in different departments. Moreover, employees would be provided with the tools that are necessarily required to accomplish a given task. John: (interrupting in between) definitely, and as far as the communication of this change and problems are concerned, there would not be much issue. The reason is that our company already has an open-book management policy and a friendly atmosphere that encourages communication and socializing (Daft, 1997). Stephen: Hmmm†¦ Considering all that reasoning, I’m impressed. Sure guys, let’s go on. Bring the new ERP system here. J References Daft. R. L. (1997). Management. Fourth Edition. U.S.A. The Dryden Press

Qatari law Essay

Qatar is located in a peninsula jutting out 100 miles into the Persian Gulf from Saudi Arabia. The country is mainly barren and is situated with Saudi Arabia on its west and United Arab Emirates on its southern border. Qatar occupies a total land area of 11,437 square kilometers. (Infoplease, 2007) Climate experienced in this region is generally hot and dry due to the desert landscape. The air is usually humid but is sultry during the summer time. Naturally occurring disasters experienced in the area are haze, dust storms and sandstorms. Qatar has only 1% of its land area that is classified as arable while 5% of the land is used for raising pastures. Qatar has an estimated population of 1,000,000 (in 2007), and approximately 200,000 are citizens. Nearly all Qatari profess Islam approximately 95% of the population. Majority of the population migrated due to the availability of employment for the oil industry in Qatar. Arabic serves as the official language while English and other languages are also spoken in Qatar. Many Qataris trace back their roots to natives of the Arabian Peninsula. Migratory tribes have settled in Qatar during the 8th century. There were also migration from gulf Emirates and as well as Persian merchants. Today, most of Qatar’s inhabitants cluster in Doha, the capital city. Foreigners with temporary status comprise 52% of the total population and make up approximately 89% of the total workforce. In 2004, the country had a total population of approximately 1,000,000 (in 2007), of whom approximately 200,000 were believed to be citizens. Of the citizen population, Shi’a Muslims account for approximately 3 percent and Sunni Muslims comprise the remaining 97 percent. The majority of the estimated 800,000 non-citizens are individuals from South and South East Asian and Arab countries working on temporary employment contracts in most cases without their accompanying family members. They are of the following faiths: Sunni Muslims, Christians, Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, and Baha’is. Most foreign workers and their families live near the major employment centers of Doha, Al Khor, Messaeed, and Dukhan. The Christian community is a diverse mix of Indians, Filipinos, Europeans, Arabs, and Americans. It includes Catholic, Orthodox, Coptic, Anglican, and other Protestant denominations. The Hindu community is almost exclusively Indian, while Buddhists include south and East Asians. Most Baha’is in Qatar may come from nearby Iran. Religion is not indicated on national identity cards and passports, nor is it a criterion for citizenship in Qatar according to the Nationality Law. However, Qatari citizens are either Sunni or Shi’a Muslims with the exception of a Baha’i and Syrian Christian and their respective families who were granted citizenship. Shi’a, both citizens and foreigners, may attend a small number of Shi’a mosques. There is some limitation of the religious liberty of Christians. No foreign missionary groups operate openly in the country. Culture Qatar explicitly uses Sunni law as the basis of its government, and the vast majority of its citizens follow Hanbali Madhhab. Hanbali (is one of the four schools (Madhhabs) of Fiqh or religious law within Sunni Islam (The other three are Hanafi, Maliki and Shafii). Sunni Muslims believe that all four schools have â€Å"correct guidance†, and the differences between them lie not in the fundamentals of faith, but in finer judgments and jurisprudence, which are a result of the independent reasoning of the imams and the scholars who followed them. Because their individual methodologies of interpretation and extraction from the primary sources were different, they came to different judgments on particular matters. Qatari law When contrasted with other Arab states such as Saudi Arabia, for instance, Qatar has comparatively liberal laws, but is still not as liberal as some of its neighbors like UAE or Bahrain. Women can legally drive in Qatar, whereas they may not in Saudi Arabia. The country has undergone a period of liberalization and modernization after the current Emir of Qatar, Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, came to power after becoming Emir in place of his father. Under his rule, Qatar became the first Arab country in the Persian Gulf where women gained the right to vote. Also, women can dress mostly as they please in public (although in practice local Qatari women generally don the black abaya). Before the liberalization, it was taboo for men to wear shorts in public. The laws of Qatar tolerate alcohol to a certain extent. However, public bars and nightclubs in Qatar operate only in expensive hotels and clubs, much like in the UAE and Bahrain, though the number of establishments has yet to equal that of UAE. Qatar has further been liberalized due to the 15th Asian Games, but is cautious of becoming too liberal in their law making the country viable weekend immigration from their western neighbor. Overall Qatar has yet to reach the more western laws of UAE or Bahrain, and though plans are being made for more development, the government is cautious Economy Before the discovery of oil the economy of the Qatari region focused on fishing and pearling. After the introduction of the Japanese cultured pearl into the world market in the 1920s and 1930s. Qatar’s pearling industry faltered. However, the discovery of oil reserves, beginning in the 1940s, completely transformed the state’s economy. Now the country has a high standard of living, with many social services offered to its citizens and all the amenities of any modern state Qatar’s national income primarily derives from oil and natural gas exports. The country has oil estimated at 15 billion barrels (2.4 km3), while gas reserves in the giant north field (South Pars for Iran) which straddles the border with Iran and are almost as large as the peninsula itself are estimated to be between 800 – 900tcf (Trillion Cubic Feet – 1tcf is equal to around 80 million barrels of oil equivalent) (Anonymous, 2005). Qatar’s primary source of income relies on its oil reserves, which constitutes more than 30% of its Gross Domestic Product. An estimated reserve of 3. 7 billion barrels is predicted to last up to 23 years with sustained level of output (â€Å"Qatar: Background†, 2007). Qatar also has one of the world’s largest reserves for Natural Gas, estimated to be more than 5% of the world’s total reserve or amounting to 7trillion cubic meters. These two natural resources constitutes the backbone of Qatar’s economy (â€Å"Qatar†, 2002). Oil industry in Qatar On 1935, a 75-year oil concession was granted to Qatar Petroleum Company, which was owned by Anglo-Dutch, French and USA. At Dukhan, located at the western side of Qatar, high quality oil was discovered. Oil exploitation was delayed due to the onset of World War II and Qatar was only able to export oil during 1949. Due to the increase in revenue from oil export during the 1950s and 1960s, Qatar entered the start of its modern history. This was the start of Qatar’s prosperity, rapid immigration was experienced due to employment brought about by the oil industry and substantial social changes was experienced. When UK announced in 1968 the policy of ending the treaty relationship with the Gulf Shiekdoms, failed talks with the other sheikdoms in a plan to form the United Arab Emirates resulted to Qatar declaring independence on September 3, 1971. Oil still forms the cornerstone of Qatar’s economy well into the 1990’s. Today Oil still accounts for about 62% of total government revenue. In 1973, income generated from oil production and exportation gradually increased the country’s revenue. This has helped Qatar move from previously ranked as one of the world’s poorest countries into one of the highest per capita income in the world. In 2006, the country has a per capita income of $62,000, which is ranked as fifth in the world (Beureau_of_Eastern_Affairs, 2007). During the 1990’s, OPEC or Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries had lower oil production quotas resulting to fall in oil prices. The result was an unpromising outlook in the international markets and reduced earnings in oil products led to recession in Qatar. Many small businesses were affected and expatriate staffs were affected by massive lay off. However the country was able to regain economically by the late 1990’s and expatriate population have grown again. Qatar’s oil production is currently estimated around 835,000 barrels a day. It is expected to reach 1. 1 million barrels per day by the year 2009. With the current rate of producing oil, reserves in Qatar are expected to last up to more than 40 years. However Qatar has other resources that are also exploited for production. It’s proven reserves of natural gas are the third largest in the world. The gas reserves of North Fields in Qatar exceed more than 900 trillion cubic feet or 14% of the worlds total gas reserves. Qatar is the largest producer of Liquefied Natural Gas with more than 31 million metric tons per annum. By 2010, Qatar is expected to produce 77. 5 million metric tons per annum and will account for one third of the world’s LNG supply (Beureau_of_Eastern_Affairs, 2007). Qatar’s oil fields are estimated to be depleted by 2023. But with the discovery of natural gas in the Northern fields, Qatar economy received a great boost from gas reserves income generated from exportation of Liquefied Petroleum Gas. Currently Qatar exports gas to Korea, India and China via shipping lines while gas is delivered via pipelines to Kuwait, UAE and Bahrain. Exploration: Early exploration took place in May 1935 as part of an agreement between the English-Persian Corporation and the Sheikh of Qatar at that time Abdullah Bin Jassem Al-Thani to explore oil for a term of 75 years. The agreement was executed by a corporation, which is later known as Qatar Oil Associated Corporation. Exploration, however, was adjourned due to border problems with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Bahrain, but eventually started in 1938 extensively (â€Å"Country profile: Qatar†, 2008). In 1949, Qatar started to export oil through Mesaieed port on the East Coast. The first exported quantity was 80,000 tons on board President Liner on 31/12/1949 for a price of 5. 9 million Indian rupees received in 1951. Qatar developed its production speedily; and in 1951, it reached 46,500 barrels a day compared to only 34,000 a day before that time (â€Å"Energy and Resources—Sources and Definitions†, 2003). The State of Qatar became number 11 among oil exporting countries in 1952, with a production of 67,700 barrels a day, i. e. , 0. 5% of world production. Consequently, oil revenue increased to 4. 2 million US dollars in 1951, and 12 US million dollars in 1952.

Native Americans in the United States and Include In-text Citation Essay

TermDefinition Segregationâ€Å"The physical and social separation of categories of people. † (Macionis, 2012, p. 61) De jure segregationâ€Å"Children assigned to schools specifically to maintain racially separated schools. † (Schaefer, 2012, p. 414) Pluralismâ€Å"A state in which people of all racial and ethnic categories have about the same overall social standing. † (Macionis, 2012, p. 63) Assimilationâ€Å"The process by which minorities gradually adopt cultural patterns from the dominant majority population. † (Macionis, 2012, p. 63) Part II Write a 75- to 150-word response to each of the following questions. Format your work according to the class writing guide: †¢Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction of an ethnic, racial, or national group, such as the Turkish killing of Armenians after WWI, the Nazis’ slaughter of 6 million European Jews during WWII, or the mass killings in Rwanda in 1994. Has genocide ever been practiced or condoned in North America? Explain your response. Yes, genocide has been both practiced and condoned in North America and the United States. The native inhabitants of North America, or Native Americans, were destroyed as a people. In the early 18th century, several states including Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Jersey promoted the genocide of local native people by offering a scalp bounty on every dead native. In 1703 12 pounds was the price paid per scalp by the State of Massachusetts, by 1723 that price had soared to over 100 pounds per scalp. In that same period, George Washington compared Natives to wolves or beasts of prey, and called for their total destruction. By 1814, Andrew Jackson supervised the mutilation of more than 800 members of the Creek Tribe, which had been murdered by his troops. As time progresses to 1867, General William Tecumseh Sherman was saying, â€Å"We must act with vindictive earnestness against the Sioux [Lakota] even to their extermination; men, women, and children. † No one knows a precise number of Native Americans that were murdered at the behest of our United States Government, but some estimates make the number of European Jews murdered by German Nazis look small. (â€Å"Religious Tolerance†, 2011) †¢Consider the readings from this week as well as last week. What is the difference between Arab Americans and Muslim Americans? Why are the two often thought to be interchangeable? Explain your response. Arab Americans are Americans of Arabic heritage, which have either immigrated to the United States or have been born here and can trace their lineage back to the Middle East. (â€Å"The Prejudice Institute â€Å", 2012) However not all people from the Middle East are Arab. Muslim Americans are people who practice the religion of Islam and live in the United States. (â€Å"Muslim Americans†, 2011) I think that often these two terms are thought to be interchangeable because there are a great deal of Muslims in the Middle East and those are the Muslim Extremist that we she on the news. Therefore, as we always do we go right to the stereotypes that have been played out in the headlines of the news. So if a person is of Arabic decent he or she must also be Muslim, which is why people tend to consider the two terms interchangeable. ? References Religious Tolerance. (2011). Retrieved from http://www. religioustolerance. org/genocide5. htm Macionis, J. J. (2012). Social Problems, Census Edition (4th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. The Prejudice Institute . (2012). Retrieved from http://www. prejudiceinstitute. org/Factsheets5-ArabAmericans. html Muslim Americans. (2011). Retrieved from http://www. people-press. org/files/2011/08/muslim-american-report. pdf.

Antigone – Essay 9

Aristotle defines a tragic hero as â€Å"having high estate, nobility of soul, ability to have free will, having tragic flaw, also somebody we are able to empathize with, a person who suffers from reversal of fortune, achieving enlightenment, accepting responsibility for his/her fall and being able to die bravely. † I am going to use Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero to support evidence to the character Antigone, in the play Antigone. To me, the tragic hero in the play is Antigone. Antigone, who is the daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta, becomes infuriated with Creon, who is the king of Thebes and her uncle. Creon will not allow Antigone's brother, Polynices, to be buried. Antigone tells her sister, Ismene, that she will defy Creon’s ruling even though she knows the consequences, which is death. The first on Aristotle’s tragic hero list is that the character â€Å"should be of high estate/class. † Antigone comes from high estate; she was considered a princess and was to be married to Creon’s son, Haemon. Though Antigone came from high estate/class, she still did not carry out the power to make changes; therefore, Antigone’s character of having high estate, yet no power, complies a little with Aristotle’s tragic hero. Second on Aristotle’s tragic hero list, was that the character â€Å"should have nobility of soul or tragic greatness. † Antigone showed nobility of soul because she stood-up for what she believed in knowing the outcomes would cost her life. An example of her nobility was when she first told her sister, Ismene, of what she was going to do. Antigone said, â€Å"I’ll bury him myself. And even if I die in the act, that death will be a glory. † I think that this quote shows nobility of soul, as well as, a tragic greatness. She saw it as glory to die for doing the right thing. (Line 85) Third on Aristotle’s tragic hero list, was that the character â€Å"should have free will and make important choices. † From the beginning of the play, until Antigone’s death, she kept her free will, as well as, making important choices for herself. When Antigone had gotten caught by the guards while burying her brother, she was taken to Creon to announce what she had done. There is a quote in there that shows how free willed of a person she was, Antigone says to Creon â€Å"Of course I did it. It wasn’t Zeus, not in the least, who made this proclamation—not to me†¦These laws—I was not about to break them, not out of fear of some man’s wounded pride, and face the retribution of the gods. † This quote by Antigone shows that she was capable of making her own choices, whether she would follow man’s law or the gods. She also showed that she was not afraid of the choices she made for herself. (Line 500) Aristotle’s fourth tragic hero listing is that the character â€Å"should have a tragic flaw or hamartia. Antigone made plenty of mistakes, her first one was defying Creon’s ruling. Though it was understandable why she made that choice, it probably would have spared her from going through all this trouble if she would have just asked Creon for a proper burial. Unfortunately, Antigone's stubbornness gets in the way of her thinking and results in her acting off of her emotions. Also, when it comes to Antigone’s dea th, if she would have not taken the matters into her own hand again, Creon had made the decision to free her and give her brother the proper burial. Yet, it is understandable that she does not want Creon to get satisfaction off of her death, as well as, not knowing that Creon would change his mind and actually side with her. Aristotle’s fifth tragic hero listing is that the character â€Å"should be someone with whom we can empathize. † Antigone had this down packed with the audience. The whole city empathized with Antigone and felt that â€Å"No woman ever deserved death less, and such a brutal death for such a glorious action. She, with her own dear brother lying in his blood she couldn’t bear to leave him dead, unburied, food for the wild dogs or wheeling vultures. Death? She deserves a glowing crown of gold! † I feel that quote right there sums it up. (Line 775) The sixth tragic hero listing that Aristotle feels is necessary, is that the character â€Å"should suffer a reversal of fortune (peripeteia), falling from a pinnacle to the depths. † Antigone was considered a princess and to be married to the king’s son, Haemon. After being caught by the guards, she was sentenced to death by the king, Creon. Now she is looked upon as a slave, not as a princess. She is treated like trash and looked down upon. She went from being of royalty to quickly being nothing. Antigone definitely serves the sixth tragic hero listing. The seventh tragic hero listing that Aristotle has is that the character â€Å"should achieve anagnorisis or enlightenment; should accept responsibility for his/her fall. † Antigone takes responsibility when she is first brought to Creon and asked if she was the one to give Polynices a proper burial, Antigone responded with â€Å"I did it. I don’t deny a thing. † Then Antigone shows her commonality with humanity when she is arguing with Creon about the citizens feeling like she did about his ruling. For example, Creon says â€Å"You alone, of all the people in Thebes, see things that way. † Antigone replies with â€Å"They see it that way but defer to you and keep their tongues in leash. † (Lines 492, 570) The last trait that Aristotle has listed that the tragic hero should carry is that the character â€Å"should die bravely. † Antigone died for love, for respect and for doing what she and many others believed what was right. She did not bravely give her life to defy one man’s wants; it just unfortunately came down to her having to do that. Antigone gave up â€Å"†¦bridal-song, the bridal-bed, denied all joy of marriage, raising children—deserted by loved ones, struck by fate†¦Ã¢â‚¬  just to give her brother, Polynices a proper burial. I think she clearly defines dying bravely. (Line 1009) In conclusion, the tragic hero in the play Antigone is herself, Antigone. Antigone shows how her character meets the requirements of Aristotle’s tragic hero, as well as, many other aspects that we find in a common hero. Antigone, from the beginning to the end of the play, lived and died for what she believed in.

Significant works of art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Significant works of art - Essay Example Even though The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and Hà ´tel de Soubise are different types of architecture, it is critical to note that they share similarities. Both the pieces of arts were developed during a period that was dominated by nobility and monarchy (Palmer 230). Trends within the society demanded glorification of power and luxuriousness of the ruling monarchy and religious congregations (Kleiner 730). The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the city of Vatican portrays qualities that are directly associated with monarchy and authority. This includes imperial rule and the significance of the rule of law. Its public presence enables the building serve as a channel of authority. It is believed to be the holiest site in Christianity as it is St. Peter’s traditional burial site. The architecture calls some attention that from a distance it is highly recognizable. The portrayal of such artistic values acts as a global movement that lay more emphasis on developing actual plans rather than sculptures and figures. On the other hand, Kleiner (2013) notes â€Å"rococo style suggested the taste and social initiative of women...† (p. 729). Thus, wealthy and ambitious society that was dominated by women in France hosted visitors in their salons and private spheres that had a defining female taste based in the artistic rococo style (Honour & Flemin 571- 609). One of these was Hà ´tel de Soubise that was constructed for the Prince and Princess de Soubise. Therefore, both designs were shaped by the societal trends and attempted to portray emotional effects through their depictions (Kleiner 729). Both buildings are quite appealing and luxurious with rich decorations and enough space. In addition, both the architects emphasize on cultural background and socio-political conditions as themes present during their specific periods of existence. In their presentation, both pieces delve more into the use of

Social Change Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Change - Case Study Example Chase Bank Miami Beach Branch is faced with a problem of credit management. This is the problem of collecting and controlling of payments from firms customers. Many of the loans and credit facilities advanced by the bank to its clients were defaulted. This is due to weak policies that govern the provisions of credit and loan facilities to clients. Customers take advantage of these weak structures within the credit and risk management department to default their payments. The function of credit management within a bank institution or company is very crucial. If control credit policies are well adhered to by the firm, strong revenues improve and reduce the financial risks. A credit manager is tasked to oversee credit management. He is the personnel employed by a banking institution to manage the department of credit and make decisions on issues such as acceptable risks to be considered and credit limits to be given to particular clients. The scope of credit management in a financial institution includes the following. In carrying out the above functions, a credit management department in Chase bank has come across come several challenges that need to be addressed. In regards to control of doubtful debt, the bank has had a problem in preventing the customers from defaulting their payments. This has the amounts of doubtful and bad debts significantly. This has had an adverse effect on the bank financial stability. In setting the credit floors and ceiling for the different clients, the bank has encountered several challenges. Most customers have been observed only to have active accounts just before and during the period they are advancing a loan facility. Once a loan has been advanced to them; their accounts become dormant. This has caused difficulties in setting the credit limits as most customers are not deemed to be reliable. Adherence to bank policies with regards to credit management has also posed a challenge to credit and risk management

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Project Management - Essay Example The paper ends with a summary that relates the four articles with each other and to the main topic. A list of references used in this paper is attached after the summary. In searching for articles to be used in this research paper, a basic search into the main topics was conducted. Key words such as "China", and "project management" were used in the search for journals that can be used. This resulted in a list of possible journal collections on the said keywords and two journals are refereed and fit the requirement of this research: The Project Management Journal collection as well as the International Journal of Project Management collection. In finding the appropriate articles, each journal collection was searched with key words such as "Western project management", "China project management" and "China" which generated articles as part of the specific journal collection. Since the search database was electronic, the four articles were chosen based on the availability of their full text for download. This journal entry is directly correlated with the research topic chosen as stated on the title. It lists, based on actual experimentation, the various PM practices that are not conflicting with the Chinese culture, and thus will be preferred and applied by most Chinese PM Practitioners. The article's main objective is to identify Chinese traditional culture that may not support the Western methodologies of project management which need to be reshaped in order to fit the PM practices (Wang and Liu 2007, p. 62). A survey was conducted among post-graduate students from the Yunnan province of China to ask their opinion on the topic, based on their work experiences. The results showed that the Chinese culture on avoiding conflict or the Doctrine of Mean does not hinder the PM integrating practice, however, their focus on family consciousness, strong hierarchy and boss orientation prevailed over the Western methodologies of horizontal management, task-oriented execution and performance-b ased execution (Wang and Liu 2007, p. 69). The length of service of the company as well as the type of Western PM training their practitioners received also affected the prioritized culture they displayed in project management. As a critique, the paper acknowledges its limitation in having done the survey only on one province in a country that has a large expanse and will have various sub-cultures as one travels through it (Wang and Liu 2007, p. 70). The conclusions presented are applicable to the Southwestern provinces at best, and will need to be cross-referenced with other studies to prove applicability of to China as a whole. Its strength lies on the fact that it considered various types of enterprises and years of existence in obtaining project experience. The article maybe accessed at . V. Article 2: Key project management practices affecting Singaporean firms' project performance in China This article is another significant study related to

Assignment 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Assignment 4 - Essay Example The general taking in conclusion of our drawing activity is that separated from looking into their own particular pictures of pioneers and initiative, learners comprehend that their certain authority speculations have a singular and social segment that others could possibly impart. Taking into account the hypothetical underpinnings of implied initiative hypotheses sketched out, a key conclusion of showing verifiable authority speculations is that understudies see there might be no general substantial truth to what successful or "great" administration is, and that it depends all the more on singular, social, and social developments than on the attributes and practices of the pioneer thusly. Understanding this idea includes to begin with, getting a feeling of ones certain administration hypotheses; second, seeing how and why we discern pioneers in a particular. Amidst the aftermath of the Great Recession and current political gridlock in Washington, the need for seeing how to lead in times of emergency is more excellent than any other time. Heading under Pressure offers accommodating schema and a far reaching audit of research that develops our understanding of compelling emergency administration techniques and strategies. Emergency administration is recognized from the general area of authority. Their meaning of emergency initiative is excessively prohibitive in its concentrate on "the firm" frustrating its requisition to government pioneers who are distressful in need of bits of knowledge. Qualitatively, they recognize an "emergency" from a routine "issue" as a focal contention for why emergency authority is special. Probably, pioneers take care of routine issues, yet emergency pioneers intention emergencies (Hayes & Perry, 2010). The aspect of leading under pressure is evidenced by the cutting loose the dirty dozen case study 3 whereby, Marisa Munson who is

German Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

German - Essay Example There are also memorials dedicated to other victims (Gypsies, homosexuals) in Berlin as well as in other places of the world. The latter are smaller in size. However, this is quite inappropriate, as it may seem that the lives of Jews are valued higher than the lives of other victims. It is better to create one memorial where all victims could be mentioned. It could be a good idea to have a memorial where signs worn by people (stars, triangles and so on) could be revealed as well as the number of people who died. Another point is that the memorial seems to commemorate victims who died in the concentration camps. However, there were survivors whose lives were completely destroyed. Memorials should also commemorate lost lives of those people. It seems more appropriate to make the memorial for victims of the Holocaust rather than for murdered Jews of Europe. It is also quite interesting that there is a Holocaust Museum in Washington, but no national monument for victims of slavery and genocide. This may be explained by the fact that there are many people who have enough power and who strive for commemorating the killed Jews (whose relatives and children live in the USA) and there are a few people, who also have certain power, and are willing to commemorate slavery or

Women in ancient China were treated unequally to men Essay

Women in ancient China were treated unequally to men - Essay Example A person may often comply when prompted to act in a certain way by another whether or not they believe it is the correct course to take because the outcome of non-compliance may be or lead with undesirable social consequences. Obedience differs from compliance. A person will obey a directive from a person accepted as an authoritative figure because they do not believe that they have a choice whereas complying is more of a choice. The women of ancient China had little choice but to obey their male counterparts regardless of whether they were fathers, brothers, husbands or even sons and had few options as to how their life was going to turn out. Although their lives were often miserable and completely constrained within the boundaries set by them by the men in their family, few women had the courage or even the idea to try to make things better. Those who did try to make a difference were often silenced by cruel or deadly means and were unable to make much headway in a culture so compl etely ingrained in both the male and female mind. In many ways, the living conditions for women in China remained fundamentally the same for thousands of years reaching even into the 1900s as the country resisted the effects of globalization felt elsewhere. The purpose of this paper is to explore the various ways in which women were treated unequal to men beginning with the writings of Confucius and extending into fictional literature that presents an image of what this sort of life might have looked like. The basic fabric of Chinese society was formed upon the foundations set by Confucius (551-479 BC). During his lifetime, Confucius worked as a political leader and was one of history’s great early philosophers. â€Å"His teachings †¦ form the foundation of much of subsequent Chinese speculation on the education and comportment of the ideal man, how such an individual should live his life and interact with others, and the forms of society and government in which he

Critical Analysis of Pleasantville Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critical Analysis of Pleasantville Film - Essay Example She tries to convince David, who thinks it is okay to be the way they were. The family set-up does not go well with her as she finds it boring and sort of a routine. She feels lost and does not belong in the town where people follow same patterns day in day out and where it is forbidden to have their personality. Jennifer, however, adapts to the new lifestyle as she finds the attention from boys and becomes famous. She together with David helps the people of Pleasantville to have their way of thinking (Simon 67-8). The second character is David, who is a quiet, unpopular kid who many people in Pleasantville depended on. He is a loner who is glad to be in Pleasantville, which he thinks of as an escape place. He grows to have leadership characteristics and earns color when he punches out a thug who was attacking his mom. He is protective of his sister and many people in the suburb depend on him for guidance and protection. He is glad that he ends up with a family with values and a home-cooked meal at dinner. His primary aim for the town is to have some flexibility and to be able to adapt to the new ways. He empowers the people of Pleasantville to have their mindset (Simon 67-8). However, it does not go so well as not everyone is for empowerment. David helped in putting out fire from a tree in the suburb. Initially, had been no fire in Pleasantville, and all the firefighters ever did was rescue a cat stuck in a tree. David brought to light and color to the firefighters as he helped them learn to put out a real fire. He is a romantic character when he becomes so happy that it rained for the first time in Pleasantville on the first date with Margaret. Margaret offers him an apple, and when it starts raining, David shields Margaret from the rain using his umbrella.

Shitology Essay Example for Free

Shitology Essay There have been many stories told in the past about Gods. Every story has its own supernatural spin, providing a forceful sense of cause and effect events. This almost always forms the cultural plot to describe a bad or good point in time. Certain sequences of myths describe a situation where god destroys mankind for not going through with their intentions when they created mankind, by creating a massive flood. These stories include: â€Å"Noah’s Ark†, â€Å"Tata and Nena†, and the â€Å"Deucalion†. All of these stories have cultural aspects that provide similarities and differences in each other. One thing that is important to point out is that â€Å"Tata and Nena†, â€Å"Deucalion†, and â€Å"Noah’s Ark† all explain what happened to the world after it was destroyed, in different ways. For example in the story of â€Å"Deucalion†, â€Å"Tlaloc then appeared to them and said, â€Å"This is how I am repaid for saving your lives? † They were changed into dogs† (Bierlein30). In the story â€Å"Tata and Nena†, they were asked to only eat corn but instead they ate fish, so then Tlaloc got mad and turned them into dogs, in a world that was completely destroyed with no intention of repopulation. In the â€Å"Deucalion† story, â€Å"These rocks were transformed into people who repopulated the earth† (Deucalion30). Rocks were thrown behind Zeus who then was turned to people who soon remade the world all over again. Also the myth of â€Å"Noah’s Ark† has a different story, â€Å"God then repopulated the world with what Noah had saved. Like the one of each animal† (Noah29). God decided to make the world again and used the animals Noah saved to do so. This all proves that all of the stories had a different way of explaining what happened to the world after it was destroyed. All of the myths describe a different culture involved. Like, In the story â€Å"Deucalion†, â€Å"And it rained for 9 days and 9 nights until the entire world was flooded except for two mountain peaks in Greece, Mt Parnassus and Mt. Olympus, the latter being the home of the Gods†(Deucalion30). This shows that the Greek gods were ignorant and made it rain everywhere except in the Greece Mountains where they were staying. In â€Å"Tata and Nena†, â€Å"During the era of the Fourth Sun, the Sun of Water, the people grew very wicked and ignored the worships of the gods† (Bierlein30). The Aztec gods were mad at humans for not listening to them, and so they decided they needed to flood the whole world. This shows that no one cared at all about anything the Aztec gods wanted. Also, In â€Å"Noah’s Ark†, God flooded the world and then saved Noah. He then repopulated the world and the Jews were afraid of the flood. God then promised the Jews he would not do another flood (Noah29). God basically said he’s tired of destroying the world with water, and he’ll leave the Jews alone for awhile. It’s really obvious that all of the destruction of the world was all to show a side in which they came from and eventually rejoiced. In the stories of â€Å"Tata and Nena†, â€Å"Deucalion† and â€Å"Noah’s Ark† all have similarities. Like in â€Å"Tata and Nena†, â€Å"The god’s became angry and Tlaloc, the god of rains, announced that he was going to destroy the world with a flood† (Bierlein30). This proves that â€Å"Noah’s Ark†, â€Å"Deucalion†, and â€Å"Tata and Nena† all had moody gods that would wipeout the world with a flood if things weren’t going as planned. In the â€Å"Deucalion† he was asked to go in the boat away from the flood. â€Å"These rocks were transformed into people who repopulated the earth† (Deucalion30). In both of the stories of â€Å"Deucalion† and â€Å"Noah’s Ark† the world was repopulated after the destruction. In the story of â€Å"Noah’s Ark†, â€Å"God asked Noah to take his family and get a male and female of every animal then to build an ark† (Noah29). In both stories of â€Å"Noah’s Ark† and â€Å"Deucalion† they were asked to do something and were saved from the flood in the end. This makes it crystal clear that stories have very similar actions during the flood. Noah’s Ark†, â€Å"Tata and Nena†, and the â€Å"Deucalion† showed many similarities and differences. It also showed how Aztec, Jewish and Greek cultures presented their myths, and for the most part, explaining much more than just a flood. To this day there are people who claim they have found huge wooden boats relating it back to these myths. The truth is that people will believe whatever they want to believe. Al Gore is a firm believer in UFOs, and that’s not crazy in our society. The only difference between that and â€Å"Noah’s Ark† is that there are multiple flood myths passed on from century to century.

Environmental Impact Upon Health Essay Example for Free

Environmental Impact Upon Health Essay We humans have captured the environment to make our lives beautiful but through our activities and materialistic pursuits, we have made environment the biggest enemy of our health. We have ourself created an environment which has given us all leisures of life but on the other hand we have dug the walls of unhealthy livings also in it. In 1997, Department of Health Canada passed a report which stated: â€Å"The built environment is part of the overall ecosystem of our earth. It encompasses all of the buildings, spaces and products that are created, or at least significantly modified, by people. It includes our homes, schools and workplaces, parks, business areas and roads. It extends overhead in the form of electric transmission lines, underground in the form of waste disposal sites and subway trains and across the country in the form of highways. † (Hancock, 2000) In the contemporary society of today, built environment is the most crucial aspect of our lives. All over the world, more than 85 per cent of people are living in urban dewllings and 80 per cent of Europe and North America have urban population. These urban settlements are creating an adverse impact on the natural environment. They are using maximum amount of the world’s resources and in return are producing maximum waste from them. Even leRiche and Milner (1971) explained in â€Å"Epidemiology as Medical Ecology,† â€Å"One of the most striking changes in the ecology of man has been the growth of cities. † (Hancock, 2000) The WHO Expert Committee on Environmental Health in Urban Development (WHO, 1991) pointed that: In some respects, urbanization can itself be considered to be a key variable in the health equation: when the pollution produced by a densely packed population outstrips the natural absorptive capacity of the citys ecosystem, adverse health effects can be increased where controls are lacking or unreliable. † (Hancock, 2000) Urban civilization cannot be termed as a natural ecosystem as it is completely built by humans encompassing almost whole globe in its vicinity and destroying the very concept of being â€Å"Natural†. It is a complex human ecosystem which constitutes both physical environment created by humans and the social, economic, cultural and political environments in which the humans survive. In North America itself, human beings spend around 90 percent of their time inside the four confines of their doors, another 5 per cent in their cars and remaining just 5 per cent outside. And outside too, they are spending maximum time in the vicinity of the built urban environment. It is a general trend of humans to consider the poor diet or just lack of exercise as an excuse for their bad health but they hardly consider the ill effect of the built environment with the housing characteristics, patterns in land use, transportation etc. It is evidently proved without doubt that when these different modes of our living standards are not created keeping the ecological balance into consideration, the ecosystem collapses (Jackson Kochtitzky, Online Edition) which deteriorates our health causing stress, chronic diseases etc. The haphazard urban development leads to the climate and atmospheric changes, pollution and ecotoxicity, resource depletion and reduced habitat and bio- diversity. (Hancock and Davies, 1997) The subject that encompasses the link between these human endeavors and the public health is known as human ecology. This human ecology can provide integrative, holistic and radical perspective on health issues. (Hancock, 2000) Catalano in 1979 propounded that there is an utmost need that the health issues must take into consideration economic and social processes which shapes community, so as to prevent any spread of diseases. Hancock, 2000) The metapopulation theory gives an enduring account of urban ecosystems and the human aspect of the study of the urban systems can be done by the â€Å"human ecosystem model,† which deals with the social components which are the part of the human system and its connections to ecology. (Niemela, 1999) The Mandala of Health is a model, which establishes the relationship between the natural sciences and the social sciences and gives suggestion at every level of human activity corresponding to its environment. Hancock Perkins, 1985) Another model, which has incorporated the most important characteristic of ecosystem, is a Butterfly Model of Health. In this model, health is related to societal, economical goals and patterns and biological resources for self-renewal. This model states that number of biophysical and socioeconomic holarchic environments represented by wings, which exert an influence on the health of any individual or whole population. There are number of biological and behavioral filters that engulf the human beings. The nature, people and these factors affect each other. People are considered as healthy when the two wings of the butterfly are in equitable balance within their own dimenisons. In other words, when the biological and other factors maintain equilibrium in nature, it will lead to the healthy individuals. (VanLeeuwen, Toews, Abernathy Smit, 1999) Overall we can say that the health of the human beings is dependent on the health of the natural ecosystems and the planet. Therefore it is utmost necessary to keep the urban ecosystems healthy keeping in mind both its physical and social dimensions such as health of the population with regard to the mental well being, the social well being of the urban community with regard to their social and cultural aspects, the quality of different components that make the built environment, the quality of the environment in the vicinity of the urban sphere like clean air, clean water, soil, prevention of noise pollution and the urban ecosystem on the overall ecosystem of planet. Indicators of Population Health at the Community Level formulated a model known as the Healthy Community model. (Hancock, 2000) This model reflects on the environmental, social, economic, cultural and political factors that lead to the health of urban populations. There are three main parts, which make up the healthy community model. These are community, environment and economy, which in turn possess three qualities like livability, viability and sustainability. These qualities are related to our living styles and we humans have to make the best use of the available resources to maintain these qualities for our healthy lives. For e. g. Traffic causes respiratory problems because it causes air pollution and noise pollution. This healthy community model provides answer to the best way possible to control traffic. The theories and models show how we can maintain and improve human and ecosystem health, which will require changes in the way the urban settlements are planned, designed and worked upon. Canadian Public Health Association Taskforce on Human and Ecosystem Health in 1992 said in a report: â€Å"Human development and the achievement of human potential requires a form of economic activity that is environmentally and socially sustainable in this and future generations. † (Hancock, 2000) We cannot change the urban settlements but we can sort out ways by which we can reduce the pollution, and make our environment the most beautiful and healthy place to live in.