Example of Mathematics Lesson Plan for Bearing Topic

LESSON PLAN Date: 23 October 2012 (Tuesday) Time: 2. 30p. m until 3. 30 p. m. Class: 5 Science 1 Number of Pupils: 29 Subject: Mathematics Topic: Bearings Learning Area: Bearings Previous Knowledge: The students have learnt the four main compass directions in Geography Subject. Thinking Skills: Identifying, Calculating and Drawing. Teaching-learning Resources: Manila Card. Learning ObjectivesPupils will be taught to†¦ | Teaching and Learning Activities| Learning OutcomesPupils will be able to †¦ Remarks| 1 Understand the concept of bearing. | Introduce the eight main compass directions. | Draw and label the eight main compass directions: a) north, south, east, west, b) north-east, north-west, south-east, south west. | Vocabulary north-eastsouth-eastnorth-westsouth-westcompass anglebearing| 2 Use the concept of bearing. | 1 Show and calculate the compass angle of any direction. Examples :State the bearing of point P. Answer : 48? Answer : 180? + 60? 240? Answer : 180? â€⠀œ 40? = 140? Answer : 270? + 20? = 290? Answer : The bearing of  A  from  B  is 065?. The bearing of  B  from  A  is 245?. 2 Discuss the use of bearing in real life situations. For example, in map reading and navigation. Example : In Diagram 8, P, Q and R are three points on a horizontal plane. R lies to the east of P. The bearing of Q from P is 072?. The bearing of R from Q is A 162? B 198? C 288? D 342? | 1 State the compass angle of any compass direction. Draw a diagram which shows the direction of B to A given the bearing of B from A. 3 State the bearing of point A from point B based on the given information. 4 Solve problems involving bearings. | Point to noteCompass angle and bearing are written in three-digit form, from 000? to 360?. They are measured in a clockwise direction from north. Due north is considered as bearing 000?. For cases involvingdegrees and minutes, state in degrees up to one decimal place. |

Peachtree Healthcare Essay

Peachtree Healthcare has been faced with a dilemma. There has been a major IT infrastructure problem within the company for some time now. Since technology has taken over in the healthcare field, it is imperative that Peachtree Healthcare get the technology needed so that they can be trusted and well known within the healthcare industry. Mission The mission of Peachtree Healthcare is to ensure quality, consistency, and continuity of care across the entire network – and to deliver care with the highest levels of efficiency and economy while maintaining respect for patients and staff. Objectives The hospital needs to decide on what long / short term IT infrastructure system strategies and roadmaps are needed to increase efficiency. The new system should allow sharing of patient records, ensure quality, consistency, and continuity of care across entire network of hospitals and physicians. Key Issues The IT infrastructure is not reliable; therefore, uses are unable to perform their day to day functions including clinical duties. This is impacting quality and safety of patient care. Recommendations Adopt service oriented architecture (SOA) which will enable selective standardization. CURRENT SITUATION (10) Peachtree Healthcare has major IT infrastructure problems and is struggling to find the right fix. Growth through acquisitions has led to the inheritance of many incompatible legacy systems. Current IT resources are focused on maintaining inefficient processes in order to keep the hospital running. The maintenance costs of the current IT system are so high that further innovation has become a luxury. In addition there have been recent meltdowns of clinical information systems. IT infrastructure is not reliable; therefore users are unable to perform their day to day functions, including clinical duties. This is impacting quality and safety of patient care. Furthermore there is pressure from the hospital’s board to standardize hospital procedures and practices without fully assessing the need for it. Max Berndt (CEO), Candace Markovich (CIO) and Tom Drane (CFO) are struggling to analyze the current situation subjectively in order to properly manage the pressure to follow competitors. CRITERIA (5) The hospital needs to decide on what long / short term IT infrastructure system strategies and roadmaps are needed to increase efficiency. The new system should allow sharing of patient records, ensure quality, consistency, and continuity of care across entire network of hospitals and physicians. The system should also ensure â€Å"selective† standardization of certain medical procedures across the network but allow sufficient flexibility to individual hospitals and professionals in other areas. Other criteria include: †¢ Time to value – when will the new system realize value for each business unit †¢ Flexibility – easy to modify, upgrade and customization capabilities †¢ Staff buy-in – ability to convince all staff to give this project a try ALTERNATIVES & RECOMMENDATIONS (15) Alternative 1: Monolithic System (Modular Enterprise System) A monolithic system is single set of systems and applications that will provide consistency across Peachtree’s facilities but may not give doctors enough flexibility. Other pros and cons include: Alternative 2: Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) System A servicer-oriented architecture system is modular design that will allow Peachtree to standardize incrementally and selectively but poses certain risks as a newer technology. Recommendation: My recommendation is to crease a strategy of selective standardization using a SOA system. This means assessing and deciding on a SOA architecture standard. Reviewing individual business functions and deciding on an ideal standard for that functional unit then migrating others to it. This will allow Peachtree to standardize incrementally, which Max has wanted most in an IT infrastructure. RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN (15) Since SOA is a new technology, there are serious risks and consequences involved with this approach. The SOA technology is not mature yet and has not been tested in the long term. As a result there is a lot of unpredictability. To mitigate these risks Peachtree should gradually replace its old system with the SOA System. They should proceed with SOA in stages by piloting smaller projects to quickly provide value to business units. By gradually installing the SOA, Peachtree and its doctors would learn about how the systems worked and they could then master it in a sense as the infrastructure moved further. By gradually installing the infrastructure, Peachtree would not only minimize risk but also create flexibility and control. With the gradual learning process on the new SOA system, Peachtree and its physicians would allow IT to shift priorities along the way. Peachtree should also create case studies to get other business units and vendors support throughout roll-out process. They should also consider hiring external change management consultants to ensure minimum user disruption and smooth transition into the new system.

Feminism in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice Essay

A feminist perspective began to exist during the time when women were not given much right to be heard. With the determination to fight for their right to be heard, women used literature as their means of exposing their true feelings and desire to be equal among men (â€Å"Feminist Perspective on Eighteenth Century Literature†, n. d. ). Jane Austen is one of the many female authors during their time that showed her feministic point of view especially in her work Pride and Prejudice. Feminism in Austen’s Pride and Prejudice showed how women at early times were repressed by the expectation of society and how women fought for their right to be respected and treated the same as their male counterparts. Austen’s feminism influence was shown in her work Pride and Prejudice by making the characters themselves stand up for women (â€Å"Pride and Prejudice — notes on education, marriage, status of women, etc. †, n. d. ). In the movie version of the novel, the dialogue between Lady Catherine and Elizabeth revealed how Elizabeth stood up for herself and her right to be respected. This is shown in Elizabeth’s line: â€Å"I will not and I certainly never shall. You have insulted me in every possible way, and can now have nothing further to say† (â€Å"Memorable Quotes from Pride and Prejudice†, 2005). Here, Austen made Elizabeth’s character stand up for her right to be respected as a person. This is what most feminists discuss, i. e. , the right of women to fight and demand respect from other people, and Austen showed that in Elizabeth’s character. Austen also revealed a sense of feministic view in her work by showing how limited options are for women (â€Å"Pride and Prejudice — notes on education, marriage, status of women, etc. â€Å", n. d. ). Austen did not only reveal this issue by using other female characters in the story. In the movie version of the novel, this issue could be clearly seen through the character of Charlotte Lucas, Elizabeth’s best friend as revealed in one of her lines: â€Å"Oh hush! Not all of us can afford to be romantic. I’ve been offered a comfortable home and protection. There’s a lot to be thankful for† (â€Å"Memorable Quotes from Pride and Prejudice†, 2005). In this line, Charlotte clearly suggests that not all women can afford to follow what their heart truly desires, meaning women at that time could not afford to choose because of what society expects from them. This could also be seen in Charlotte’s line: â€Å"I’m twenty – seven years old, I’ve no money and no prospects. I’m already a burden to my parents and I’m frightened. So don’t you dare judge me Lizzie. Don’t you dare! † (â€Å"Memorable Quotes from Pride and Prejudice†, 2005). This line clearly states how Austen made Charlotte’s character show how hard it is for women having limited options. Austen showed through Charlotte’s character how women at that time were repressed because of how society’s expectation amongst women affected them. Aside from exposing the issue about women’s rights to be equal among men, Austen also revealed in her work how women are independent individuals that can make their own decisions. In the movie adaptation of the novel, Austen made use of the character of Elizabeth to show how a woman could go against the norms on decision making. This is revealed in her lines: â€Å"Mr. Collins, I cannot accept you. Only the deepest love will persuade me into matrimony. † This line from the movie adaptation reveals how Elizabeth rejects the marriage proposal of Mr. Collins, a clergy man newly ordained by Lady Catherine. Austen revealed in the character of Elizabeth how she believes that women should be able to make decisions on their own. Feminists not only discuss issues about how women are viewed during the previous times but also how women fought to be treated equal and to have the same opportunities as the men in society. Discussing the different issues and rights of women to be heard in a society dominated by male shows the influence of feminism in Jane Austen’s work Pride and Prejudice. References Feminist Perspective on Eighteenth Century Literature (n. d. ) 123helpme. Retrieved from http://www. 123helpme. com/preview. asp? id=34762 Memorable Quotes from Pride and Prejudice (2005). Retrieved from http://www. imdb. com/title/tt0414387/quotes Pride and Prejudice — notes on education, marriage, status of women, etc. (n. d. ) The Republic of Pemberly. Retrieved from http://www. pemberley. com/janeinfo/pptopic2. html

One written project on the theme of one selected characteristic Essay

One written project on the theme of one selected characteristic associated with the Business Entrepreneur and researched in the context of one noteworthy entrep - Essay Example But anybody can be an entrepreneur if one has the thirst to achieve the goals. The era of globalization and the easy availability of information have opened up innumerable opportunities as never before. There is a considerable increase in the number of people who venture out of their comfort zones and explore new arenas to experience the challenges of entrepreneurship. What are the factors that motivate ordinary people to do extraordinary things What are the characteristics that make people to change the way things are done and to contribute to the development of the mankind These are some very interesting questions which have been attempted to answer by people across the world. This essay focuses on entrepreneurship and characteristic features of entrepreneurs that helps them to be successful in their ventures. A general survey of the available literature on entrepreneurship and an analysis of the characteristics of one entrepreneur, in this case, Mr. Bill Gates, is included. The purpose of this essay is to understand the psychological makeup of en entrepreneur, which will be very useful to groom ourselves into entrepreneurs. To understand the characteristics of entrepreneurs, first we should know what is entrepreneurship and who is an entrepreneur. In his publication, Carton1(1998), has taken the idea from Peter Drucker that entrepreneurship is a practice. He mentions that entrepreneurship begins with action, the creation of a new organization. This organization may or may not become self-sustaining and in fact may never earn significant revenues. But, when individuals create a new organization, they have entered the entrepreneurship paradigm. The antecedents such as the scanning of the environment for opportunity, the identification of the opportunity to pursue, the evaluation of the feasibility of the new venture, the individual traits, characteristics, prior experience, knowledge, and education of the entrepreneur, the impact of role models, environmental munificence, and societal values are considered by the entrepreneur and all of these factors influence new venture formation and should be included in the entrepreneurship paradigm. However, entrepreneurs do not just plan. They act. It is this action that distinguishes them. Accordingly, without the creation of a new venture, entrepreneurship has not occurred. Hence, we should first understand that an entrepreneur is a person who acts. Paul Andrews2, biographer of Bill Gates, mentions that Bill Gates had the ability to look at software as a separate component from hardware. Until then, software was seen as a component of computer. Bill Gates is the Entrepreneur of the Millennium because of the way in which he built up on a new idea. The innovation makes the difference in the way people live and act across the world. In their Personal Interest, Attitude & Value (PIAV) survey, Gavin Devereux and Evan Popplestone (2001)3 mention that the major factor that motivates people to venture out into the paradigm of entrepreneurship is the Utilitarian attitude. 79.59% of the respondents had placed it on the top and this suggests that the overwhelming motivating factor for Entrepreneurs is to utilize and gain a return on their investment of time, talent and resources. The next factor that was mentioned by most of the entrepreneurs studied was the need for individualism and this suggests that Entrepreneurs are also motivated by a strong desire to personally advance, express Individualism and be in control

Why U.S automobile company such as Ford had great lost in 2006 and how Essay

Why U.S automobile company such as Ford had great lost in 2006 and how it influences on the U.S auto market - Essay Example (Isidore) Plans to cut-off more jobs were also announced and more than half of its U.S. hourly workforce had already agreed to take one of its buy-out schemes in the next few months. For the first time, Ford Motors is mortgaging its total assets to finance all of this restructuring. It hopes to raise $18 billion from its factories, equipment, office buildings, patents and trademarks, and stakes in subsidiaries; an amount that exceeds the company's total market value of all its outstanding stock by more than $2 billion. This move has never been done before as Ford Motors' credit line has always been good and it can borrow money without mortgaging its assets (Bunkley) So what is really happening to Ford Motors and the U.S. automobile industry as a whole Why is it losing so much while its overseas counterparts like Toyota and Honda, are moving towards the opposite direction Declined Sales, Quality Issues, Marketing Strategy, Labor Cost Discrepancies, Productivity and Currency Exchange Rates are the principal factors. Declined Sales - Overseas Automobile makers share in the U.S. market had steadily grown through the years. Chart 1 shows how Japan and the European markets had slowly crept up in market share from the 70s to the present, a trend that had Toyota surpassed Ford Motors as being the second biggest seller of automobiles in the U.S. This loss in the market share however, is not experienced by Ford Motors alone but by practically all U.S. automobile manufacturers as well. Honda has exceeded Chrysler in sales and is almost catching up with Ford. On the other hand, General Motors has not had the lowest share in new car and light truck sales since the 1920s. (Train & Winston) The pickup trucks, though still considered as the nation's best selling vehicle, also experienced very low consumer demand in 2006. Ford Motors' F-series pickups, regarded as one of its main product lines had a major sales drop exceeding 100,000 units. (Isidore) This shows the magnitude of the dire state the U.S. car makers are facing. With surging oil prices in the world market, consumers are opting for the more fuel efficient smaller cars, vehicles that does not guzzle gasoline like light trucks do. With this preference shift, U.S. automakers, such as Ford Motors are left with many truck factories that can't afford to be operational but stay inactive. Adjusting to the changes, U.S. car makers are not only closing their truck factories but have re-focused towards the smaller "cross-over" type cars which are scaled down versions of SUV. While GM announced its plans to shift towards building more small vehicles in the Beijing auto show last year, Ford Motors also confirmed that it will cease its Freestar minivan production and redirect its focus on building more crossover vehicles (CBC) Quality Issue - Sales drop due to quality issues is totally another story. Of this year's "Top Picks" lists based on the annual Consumer report, all picks are vehicles made by Japanese automakers. It has been two years in a row that no American cars made it to the list. To merit a Consumer Reports' recommendation to the "Top Pick", the car must pass certain criteria like reliability, safety,

Starbucks Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Starbucks Master - Case Study Example 2002). Since inception, Starbucks has also been able to institute a new philosophy of paying higher prices for high quality coffee. The company believes that the high prices it pays for coffee will enable Starbucks to be "a potential force for positive reform in every part of the coffee supply chain." Orin Smith, Former President and CEO, Starbucks Corporation This report would aim to analyse the Starbucks Case Study from the point of view of two modules, namely Business Strategy and Organisational Identity. Both of these modules will be discussed separately and then they will be integrated to give a complete picture and analysis of the Starbucks case. This report will also discuss Starbucks' competitive advantage, its corporate social responsibility, and global growth. A further study of Starbucks value chain, and the company's supply chain and management will be analysed to show the organisation's strengths and its strategy. In the second module of organisational identity, the Starbucks core identity will be identified and analysed, along with the society and the individuals involved with the organisation, and the targeted market. Furthermore, this paper will analyse Starbucks impressions management and its adaptive stability/instability, so as to discern the true picture behind the profitable organisation. COMPANY OVERVIEW Starbucks was founded in 1971 by Gordon Bowker, Jerry Baldwin and Zev Siegel. The trio opened up a store in Seattle and named it Starbucks Coffee, Tea, and Spice, in honour of Starbuck, the coffee-loving first mate in Herman Melville's Moby Dick. The company's logo is a mermaid with two tails, with the store's name around it. The company began to be profitable every year, and by the early 1980s, there were four Starbucks stores in the Seattle area alone. However, the roles of the founders of the company went through some major changes, and Jerry Baldwin took over the daily management of the company, while Gordon Bowker remained involved as owner, though he devoted most of his time to other business ventures, and Zev Siegel left the company.As stated on the company's website, the Starbucks' vision is to "establish Starbucks as the most recognized and respected brand in the world." (www.starbucks.com). Starbucks corporation offers products like pastries, specialty coffees, cold blende d beverages, coffee beans, tea and coffee related products. Starbucks first opened a location in Seattle, in 1971, and three decades later, the company had more than 3,300 locations, and is still on the increase. MissionStarbucks' mission is to "establish Starbucks as the premier provider of the finest coffee in the world, while maintaining uncompromising principles as the company continues to grow." (www.starbucks.com) this mission statement, and the positive effects that the company has brought to bear in its operating communities has ensured continued customer loyalty for the company. In 1982, Howard Schultz was recruited into the company.

HEALTH ECONOMIC Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HEALTH ECONOMIC - Assignment Example According to this article, pharmaceutical companies spend a lot of money on promotional talks. They have now turned to using the medical providers to advertize their drugs. Thus, the report says that all of these companies have a financial relationship with doctors. For example, in 2013, Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson spent a total of $142,600, $111,200 AND $100,000 on doctors. They used these moneys to pay doctors whom they were working with. This explains why people like Dr. Mare Cohen got $270,000 after being consulted by 6 companies. The economic argument behind this report is that it is very important for the development of health sector in the country. First, it can help in strengthening the relationship between the medics and pharmaceutical companies. Besides, it can help in motivating the medical care providers. For instance, when they are used as consultants by these companies, they can get a lot of money in return. Lastly, it can help in restoring the confidence of the patients. By being diagnosed and treated by recognized consultants, they will feel proud and contented. Once their drugs are recommended by these doctors, they will readily accept to use them as

Privacy of lectronic medical records Research Paper

Privacy of lectronic medical records - Research Paper Example The cost-free factor of these technologies is an attractive initiative for a number of firms with a high customer base to adopt EMR with minimal investment on time and human resources. EMR is also gaining popularity amongst the patients or recipients of health services, especially in areas that are far away from good hospitals. The patients can view their medical records, test results and history online at the comfort of home or at work (Kolbrum, 2008). However, with the rapid rise of readily available sources online for EMR, it is fair to question whether the EMR is well-protected or easily accessible to the public. With the internet flooded with spam and the ever-present danger of hackers breaking into confidential online records, are the patients safe online? Is convenience too close for comfort? The concerns mentioned in the paragraph above will be addressed throughout the course of this paper which seeks to justify whether all good things in life are (really) for free, find ways to ensure which EMR platforms are the safest to use, and gain insight into important privacy laws that offers protection to the patient’s personal health information. The need for EMR was realized in the 1960s, when it was felt that there has to be an automated system for the re-organization and management of patient records to enable improved provision of health services to them. Laurence Weed, a physician, was the first to propose and describe the idea of computerized medical records or EMR (Pinkerton, 2008). Progressing through the 1990s, as the computer became more handy and sophisticated, the EMR systems also became complex and in wide use by the companies and medical institutions (Pinkerton, 2008). Today, in 21st century, the commonality and stress on the use of EMR is so immense that the firms are now availing and adopting the systems for free, just like Email Accounts. Going back to argument where Google and Microsoft were stated as examples, it is understood that

Beowulf and Pride Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Beowulf and Pride - Essay Example He is thus prone too to the spiritual and psychological shortcomings that come with being human. That includes the possibility of becoming proud. In the end, one can say that it was pride that led Beowulf to his death in that combat with the dragon. He has become old. As Hrothgar probably sees in advance, Beowulf’s pride keeps him from seeing his limitations. This being so, he goes to do battle with the dragon on his own at the end of his life. In so doing Beowulf gets killed. Hrothgar’s words, therefore, ring true. At the height of Beowulf’s success, he knows that Beowulf is vulnerable too. He is vulnerable to becoming proud just like all human beings are. As Hrothgar cautions: â€Å"Ban, then, such baleful thoughts, Beowulf dearest, best of men, and the better part choose, profit eternally; and temper thy pride, warrior famous!†. This paper asserts, therefore, that as mortal and flawed, though Beowulf is the strongest and bravest warrior in all the land, he too is vulnerable to the weaknesses of all men, and in particular he is vulnerable to pride. Pride is the downfall of Beowulf. It is important to see that Hrothgar is speaking from the point of view of experience and great wisdom. That wisdom is forged from his own past success and present misfortune of seeing his kingdom devastated by Grendel. He sees that Beowulf is truly remarkable. He is able to do what his best men cannot. Beowulf is able to slay the dragon and also his mother, with his own hands. He is able to do battle with Grendel without using any arms too. Such is his power and his abilities that he is able to do all of this. Moreover, Hrothgar sees that Beowulf is also very popular. His fame has spread very far. In the midst of all these Hrothgar knows that any mortal man will become proud. When he gives out the warning to Beowulf he is not trying to diminish Beowulf’s success. He is trying to protect him in a way from his own weaknesses.

Process Centred Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Process Centred Management - Essay Example Reengineering changes production from a skill specific departmental process to a product centred approach that looks at the end product and the team effort required to create it. 2. The Building Blocks. The organizational structure may need to change or adjust to cross-departmental communications to support the process centred management approach. The change will require organization around outcomes rather than organization by tasks. In some cases customers may be able to complete part of the process thus eliminating a cost of or required personnel (not too popular among staff because it could cause lay-offs). This could take the form of automated ordering processes via the internet verses a call centre based ordering system. The organization must be prepared for flexibility and change and can do this by devising a strategy to support the change while supporting the workforce who will implement the change. 3. Impact on the organization. Change rarely comes easy and change to a process centred management system is no exception. Change impacts production, employees, management, and the organizational structure. Change is most often designed to cut costs and to increase profits. Employees are the ones that seem to be affected the most by change in management systems. Change from a skills or department approach to a process centred outcome approach may not come easily if it means a reduction in force (lay offs). Ownership of the change makes the change a whole lot easier. The employees will need to adjust to working toward an outcome (process) instead of a single task. This requires adopting a team approach and requires the employees to learn a whole process rather than a step in the process. Job design, job enlargement, and job enrichment all impact the worker. In short, the job gets harder and the employee needs to know and learn more. The employee transitions from worker to professional. Information sharing is a very important part of process centred management. Information can be shared by different team members instead of one department gathering information to pass on to another department for processing. Jobs and job descriptions will need to be reengineered to support the process centred approach. The decision point may need to shift in the organization from higher management down to where the decisions are implemented. Performance measurement is vital to successful process centred management because "measurement is the foundation of improvement2". Quality Assurance (QA) provides the opportunity to correct or confirm product quality and marketability. "What isn't measured doesn't happen because there is no incentive, knowledge, or ownership"(PPT06, Provided with Course). Quality assurance makes sure that the end product meets or exceeds customer satisfaction (demand). "QA in a process centred organization is measure by results, growth, and performance"3. A QA method that organizations can use is Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA)4 to ensure that organizational activities support the process centred management approach and thus support production and marketing activities. 4. Changes required in organizational structure. Of all the changes necessary when a switch to process centred management is adopted the change in organization structure will effect the organization the most. The "whose in charge" idea needs to change. Decision making power

Wastewater Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wastewater Management - Essay Example Considering the sewer systems, earlier sewer systems were combined. They were designed to enable the collection of sanitary and storm wastewater in a single system. As such, they prevented flooding by warding off water from roofs and streets. As a result, early sanitarians concluded that the combined systems did provide adequate health protection. In recent times, this is known as Attached Growth Processes. Wastewater passes over a media along with air (oxygen). Methods like trickling filters and biotowers are effective in removing biodegradable organic wastewater materials. However effective these methods are, the passage of organic matter over oxygen releases some pollutants like poisonous gases like Ammonia and infectious micro-organisms that contaminate the water causing deadly diseases. There are advanced tertiary methods like the addition of chemical to primary clarifiers as a way of removing phosphorus and nitrogen. However, this is viewed as advanced treatment method hence em ployed when some specific wastewater constituents cannot be removed. An example of an advanced method is the Bardenpho-plant that involves the passage of Ammonia gas through several zones (Assano, 2007).

Knights in shining armor Essay Example for Free

Knights in shining armor Essay When we think of knights, we may think of the saying â€Å"knights in shining armor† imagining them rescuing attractive damsels in distress from harm’s way. But in reality, knights were much more than that. Being a knight represented much more than we could even comprehend. Knights were one of the principal characters of the medieval times. They were soldiers who had an obligation to serve the king during military combat. In exchange for this service to the king, the knight would receive a position in the king’s Court. They existed during the period of the 12th through the 17th centuries in the European area, but later went on to other areas such as Japan and India. The knight of Europe therefore had his origins in military and economic need. His role was of a warrior, and in some cases he was little more than a thug rewarded for his aggression. But if in order to be successful, he had to take his role in the military seriously. As time went on, success required more than dedication: it required loyalty to his king in society as well as strategy and ingenuity on the battlefield. Medieval knights did not just turn into knights by any apparent reason. There were many certain factors that determined whether men could become future knights. The first factor was to be born into a high noble class family and the other factor was by proving he was worthy of the title by showing his strength and courage through battle combat. In the first case, the boy from an early age of eight years old began his process of training by taking a series of classes and instructions like chivalry, music and weapons in order to form his intellectual and physical self. He practiced his battle skills on a wooden dummy called a quintain. Later on they would only make emphasis on combat because they were more bodily developed. This would be by the ages of fifteen or sixteen, becoming a squire or a servant of another knight where he helped the knight get ready in the morning, serve all of his meals, care for the knight’s horse and clean his armor and weapons. He also assisted his knight on the battlefield and on what concerned his personal training he began to learn how to handle a sword and a lance while riding his horse with all of the required armor on. It wasn’t until the age of twenty that the squire would be able to become a knight by proving he was worthy of this title. Once they became knights, they were granted special suits of armor. They first consisted of pieces of metal covering the entire body but then evolved to a more flexible material, Plate. This type of armor offered better protection and gave more flexibility than the metal material. Additionally to this armor, knights were also given a long spear or better known as a Lance and also a two-handed sword called a Mace. The sword was the knight’s main weapon, accompanied by a metal Shield to cover himself from the enemy’s attacks. Other weapons that were given to knights include the crossbows and longbows. Inside the training of knights there was something very important that was taught to them called The Code of Conduct and Chivalry. Inside it, many of its points included â€Å"the knight was bound to defend his lord or liege, care for his lands and his people and in the later centuries this code of chivalry was expanded to include conduct in courts and public functions. A knight was expected to protect those less of lesser rank than himself and to hold himself to the highest standards of combat and knowledge in religion and writing, music and leadership. † (www. knight-medieval. com) Even though this code was formed with the rules that it was, ironically it was not applied for everything, for example the peasants. They were often aggressive to common folk. They could sometimes rape young peasant women without fear of being scolded just because they were part of the upper class. Knights participated in rigorous Tournaments every once in a while. These Tournaments were made for the knights to practice their skills, develop more strength and practice warfare. â€Å"Tournaments were essentially mock battles with audiences. The audience was usually made up of fair damsels. This was another way in which a knight was expected to act chivalrous. The tournaments had different rules that had to be followed. They were judged by umpires that watched for dishonest play. Tournaments were usually fought between either two people or two teams. If two people fought a tournament, it was usually by jousting. † (www. thinkquest. org) Also the tournament was a way for warriors to practice working together and at the same time use their other mounted combat skills. It was also a proving-ground for knights looking for service. Combatants wore the armor they always wore in battle and used the same weapons they used to kill their enemies. It didn’t matter to them that the men they fought were their fellow colleagues; in the tournaments, they were the enemy too. â€Å"In the early tournament, Chivalry did not apply. No one held back or tried to avoid killing their opponents. There were even knights who practiced what was known as a Count of Flanders technique, which involved waiting until late in the combat, then joining the fray and attacking tired and worn-out fighters and thus easily winning their belongings. † (Snell, www. historymedren. com) Over time, the tournament became a great event. It was organized by heralds and announced to the public weeks in advance. Processions took place, and evening banquets were given. Ladies in finery looked on from the gallery, giving chosen knights a favor, such as a scarf, to display as they contested. Prizes were also held out. The life of a knight in a majority of aspects was determined by his king. The king had the control of his knight’s life, career and future and in extreme cases, the King even had a say in whom his knight should marry and to whom he should leave his property or properties after his death. Even though the knight was in charge of his property, ultimately it was his king’s decision to take this or these lands away and even give them to anyone else he pleased. The main property a knight could own was his Castle. The castle was a private fortress where his family and servants resided. â€Å"It was a community unto itself; everything necessary for daily living was made within its massive walls or grown (or hunted) in the surrounding land. † (Snell, www. historymedren. com) Not only did knights have their effects on society inside the timeframe they existed, but in today’s society we are still living the effects they created. â€Å"The days of the steel armored knight have all but passed; though some true knights do indeed seek to strengthen their character and their arms through the practice of arms, today the knight must rather rely on the armor of his soul to defend himself, seeking to ennoble himself in the same way as his ancestors-by his deeds. † (Price, On Knighthood) Just as they did back then, knights still seek to obtain their honor through demonstrating their strength in battle but also defend what they believe in through mouth and word. Some knights today pursue this goal through the tournament or martial art; some through confraternal organizations that defend charity and support their cause as well as advance the causes of right. Like in history, none of these groups, even less the nobles within them, will attain the ideal that drives them. Bitter divisions sometimes are the best companies of knights, quietly ushering them further from the basic ideals that empower them, starting them on the journey to vainglory that defeats humility, overcomes charity, makes a mockery of courtesy, and in short blackens the heart against chivalry. Today there are many paths that lead to knighthood. You can seek membership in a knightly order; you can use a martial art or the tournament. But these are all external, not worth very much unless the spark of knighthood is ignited within them. The spark of nobility that has been recognized since the earliest age within certain men and women of character and spirit is the one that truly defines what a knight can really be, especially in today’s society. Works Cited †¢ Knights, Castles, Chivalry, siege engines and everything Medieval 2007-2008 Kalif Publishing http://www. knight-medieval. com/ †¢ The Medieval Knight 1997 Thinkquest 10949 Team http://library. thinkquest. org/10949/fief/medknight. html †¢ Price, Brian R. On Knighthood July 29,1996 http://www. chronique. com/Library/Knights/knitessy. htm †¢ Snell, Melissa. Knightlife #5 A Castle in the Background 1998-2000 http://historymedren. about. com/library/weekly/aa062698. htm

Rise of the Merchant Class in the Middle Ages

Rise of the Merchant Class in the Middle Ages The Middle Ages, which is considered to be the time between 500 and 1500 AD gave rise to a new economic and cultural experience in Europe. The transition from the Classical Age to the Renaissance was a process of evolution. After the barbarian invasions of Europe during the fourth and fifth centuries by the Anglos, Saxons, Goths, and Huns, the great Roman Empire declined. It was only starting in the eighth century that Europe slowly began its cultural, as well as economic, recovery. Politically, several new states emerged starting in the year 900, including the consolidated Scandinavian states under King Sweyn of Denmark; the creation of a Hungarian state; and the states of Bohemia and Poland. These states were very stable monarchies, which helped widen commercial exchange between one another. The Scandinavians traded extensively with the east, the Mediterranean countries, and with Russia. The end of various civil wars in Europe helped countries like Italy make a name for themselves in trade with the Mediterranean. Pisa, Genoa, and Amalfi, were all major commercial hubs. Germany and northern Europe were also able to make use of trade routes to the Mediterranean through Italy and France. Another result of the more settled Europe was the revival of agriculture, which was further stimulated by commercial expansion due to the growing exchange economy. Many cities began expanding, creating the demand for larger amounts of agricultural produce. As a result, previously unproductive lands in countries such as France and Germany were converted to fertile farms, rich with grazing herds. Nobleman with large pieces of uncultivated land offered these lands to peasants for cultivation in return for which they collected payment or rent. This was the beginning of the feudal system in Europe. Under the feudal system, kings gave nobleman large grants of land in exchange for soldiers. In exchange for fighting, the soldiers were given gifts of jewels, horses, and sometimes land, in territories that had been newly conquered, called fiefs. These vassals, or servants to the king had authority over the peasants, called the serfs, who worked on their land. The vassals became powerful local rulers who made their own laws, which the workers on their land were required to obey. Economic progress stimulated by this system gave rise to new towns and a rise in population in areas that were previously unsettled. The rapid increase in population due to the economic revolution resulted in a shortage of land. However, instead of causing a problem, farming and land cultivation techniques improved so that land could be used more efficiently. This also shifted quite an amount of the population away from farming jobs, and into jobs in towns and cities. By the 1100s, these hard working urban citizens formed the middle class and were enterprising, ambitious, and contributed to the success of an early form of capitalism. This medieval capitalism is often referred to as the birth of capitalism. Contributing to the development of the European intellectual, religious, and moral recovery was the setting up of new monasteries, since the church had also suffered due to the numerous invasions in the past. The more settled political climate helped bring back the influence of the church. A few of the great noblemen founded new reformed monastic houses that were more inclusive including the famous abbey of Einsiedeln, the monastic school of St. Emmereram, and the Episcopal school of Bamberg. This reformation of the monasteries broke down regional differences and revived discipline as well as literary and artistic life. The feudal ideas of lordship extended even to the monasteries, as in the case of the abbot of Cluny who was the head of all monasteries founded or reformed by his order. Even though there was much political, economic, and religious progress, new problems were created by all this development. Consolidation of kingdoms created complications for German, Italian, Hungarian, and Polish rulers. In Germany, the economic recovery caused tension between the aristocracy, which was only interested in profiting as much as possible from the revived economy, and the government. In Italy, it led to antagonism between the knights, and their feudal lords, or bishops. However, the social revolution between the knights and the bishops gave rise to powerful new classes that strived to better their positions, leading to nobles and non-nobles. In spite of all of these tensions, people still had jobs to support the growing population in cities and towns. Any commodity that was unavailable in individual fiefdoms, was obtained by barter. Artisans made farm implements, dishes, and clothing, which they exchanged for the grain, wine, and meat produced on the farms. Beginning in the tenth century, a new class of trading people emerged, referred to as peddlers. Peddlers traveled from town to town, supplying the nobility and the peasants with the products they needed. The areas frequently visited by them quickly developed into towns, which emerged as major centers of trade and attracted many merchants who supplied the prospering nobility. As the nobility got wealthier, they were able to afford gems, silks, exotic spices, and other symbols of wealth. The merchants who previously went from town to town, were now traveling to foreign locations such as Egypt, Morrocco, and Turkey. The activities of the traders permanently altered the f ace of European society, leading to a commercial revolution, which was essentially the shift of power from the landlords and nobility to the merchants. Concentration of wealth in emerging cities such as Florence, Venice, London, and Paris attracted merchants worldwide. By the tenth century, extensive trade routes had been established connecting Britain, the European continent, the Middle East, and North Africa, by river and by sea. Asia and the Middle East had several excellent overland trade routes. For instance, the four thousand mile long Silk Road led out of China all the way to the Black Sea in Eastern Europe, through Persia, Afghanistan, and India. Germanys Hanseatic League saved traders time with their larger ships that carried wine and salt to the East in exchange for the grain and timber they bought back. Some traders and merchants began plying the sea routes in search of more goods and profits. Due to its location between the East and Europe, Italy was a vital trading country. Merchants from Venice traded with those from the Byzantine Empire through Turkey, and merchants from Pisa and Genoa traded with cities in North Africa. They brought back African gold and ivory, precious stones, silks, perfumes, and spices from Persia and India, Turkish carpets, Persian ceramics, and Syrian glass and metalwork, all of which commanded high prices in Europe. In the eleventh century, local merchants primarily sold their goods in weekly markets. A network of weekly markets was one of the main components of the booming economic progress that swept across Europe in the Middle Ages. These markets spurred the creation of money, and harbored huge amounts of wealth to the merchants. Fairs, which lasted for weeks and were held at crossroads of important trade routes, were another means by which well-established merchants bought and sold goods. Some of the most important trading fairs included the 12-day cloth fair and the 8-day leather fair, both held in Champagne, France. Since fairs and markets could easily be ruined by undesirable weather conditions, some traders eventually came up with ways to make profits without ever leaving their homes. Using credit, they bought and sold goods through agents at various fairs, giving rise to a form of banking. This contributed to a free flow of money, which enriched the lives of people in all classes of society. This increase in wealth helped patronize artisans, goldsmiths, and retailers. The towns that expanded around the fair sites attracted business and brought about the standardization of currency, weights and measures. The merchant class largely populated the new towns that sprang up, and influenced the economy and social life of their societies. The towns attracted specialists such as grocers, spice merchants, cobblers, apothecaries, and goldsmiths who formed unions called guilds. These guilds set the prices for the goods they produced, as they were the only ones in the area creating this product in the area. Therefore the citizens in this area were willing to pay whatever price they charged. Their control over these prices led to much of their control over the economy. Additionally, they effected and influenced social life with the elaborate feasts and celebrations they held for religious services, holidays, and similar events. With the increase of merchant activities and the rise of the merchant class, it became necessary for them to learn to read, write, do arithmetic, and have a general knowledge of foreign affairs. Local governments and scholars, both of which profited from teaching the children of these merchants, set up schools to take care of the demand for education. The success of the schools in turn, led to the establishment of universities, so that people were able to continue their education if they desired. Some of these universities include Oxford, Cambridge, Chartres, Reims, and the University of Paris. The rising importance of schools broke the monopoly that the church previously had in the area of education. Since merchants made great profits from buying and selling goods, they were considered sinners by the church, because they enriched themselves rather than working for common good. The fear of hell was very real and the church often confiscated merchant estates. To avoid this, merchants began contributing some of the wealth they made to monasteries and churches, and providing funds to charitable causes including hospitals and homes for those without shelter. The rise of the merchant class gained them access to high society and some became famous patrons of the arts, constructing concert halls, churches, and other cultural centers. These merchants spread wealth and culture to the masses and assisted in dissolving the previously existing social structure by creating a society where even a peasant was able to rise in wealth and status. Merchants that joined the ranks of nobility further strengthened their position in society by patronizing the arts even more. They hired artists, musicians, and writers to produce works that still live on today, including works of art such as Madonna and Child, Nativity, and the Wise Man, by renowned artists such as Michaelangelo, Botticelli, and Leonardo Da Vinci. Some of the extremely successful merchants, known as the merchant princes, sometimes became so powerful they controlled their countries wealth. The Medicis, a family of bankers that lived Italy, are an example of such powerful and successful merchants. As a result of this patronage of the arts, many architectural and artistic gems were produced during this time. Some of the buildings built during the Middle Ages using the Gothic or Romanesque styles used such advanced techniques that these buildings are still existent today. The Chartres cathedral, the Laon Cathedral, and St. Denis, all in France for instance, represent the quality of the churches, houses, and castles built during that time. Also produced during the Middle Ages was some beautiful art work that is often overlooked, including jewelry, pottery, metalwork, carved woodwork, sculptures, and illustrated manuscripts. Most of the art work was created in the setting of the church, such as murals of Biblical stories, chalices, shrines, reliquaries, and statues of angels and saints. The rise of the merchant class also made portraits very popular, along with intricate work for personal use such as woven tapestries, decorated manuscripts, tableware, jewelry, and carved furniture . Inventions and technology during the Middle Ages were in the form of a gradual improvement in the way things were done, rather than a series of dramatic discoveries. It took place in the form of a gradual shift away from mass slavery, the use of wind power, of open fields in agriculture, the use of the wheelbarrow, double entry book-keeping, and finally the use of firearms and printing. The windlass, a rope around a barrel which turned using a crank, was used to lift heavy loads. Water mills and windmills were used to power all kinds of machinery. For instance, a hammer driven by a mill was used in fulling cloth, which is a method of cleaning fabric used in textile production. A new kind of loom was introduced as well as the invention of the spinning wheel, which greatly reduced the time taken to weave cloth, and produce new fabrics. The secrets of producing silk were passed on from Greece to other parts of Europe. Papermaking was brought back from China, greatly reducing the cost an d time to write and produce books. The growth and progress of the European civilization in the middle ages was largely due to the rise of the merchant class. With their ambition and hard work, they paved the way for modern times. Under their leadership, Europe enjoyed a prosperity not known since the Roman Empire. When Europe emerged from the Middle Ages, it had attained a level of sophistication in its universities, literature, art, learning, science and technology, that were unmatched in the world. Significant advances were made in the areas of tenant farming, harnessing the horse to the plough, cloth making, iron working, ship building and navigation. This technical progress would not have amounted to much if it had not been coupled with the intellectual tools that the businessmen of that time used to manage his business and observe and measure fluctuations in the economy. The world of trade had to perfect various systems: from dealing with rates of exchange for goods and services outside their towns or even countr ies, establishing credit procedures, legal bases in keeping with the times, and methods for monitoring and balancing their accounts. All of these eventually became the foundation for our modern system of economic relations. Although it is often ignored in history, the Middle Ages saw the birth of a new cultural experience in Europe, which eventually led to the Renaissance. The cultural heritage of the Middle Ages is still apparent in architecture, art, education, science and technology, that have survived the test of time. Bibliography: Gold and Spices: The Rise of Commerce in the Middle Ages, Jean Favier The Medieval Merchant, Stuart A. Kallen The Middle Ages, Giovanni Caselli The Late Middle Ages, Raintree Steck-Vaughn Library The Medieval World, Mike Corbishley Life During the Middle Ages, Earle Rice, Jr.

Environmental Impact Assessment Report For New Airport Project Construction Essay

Environmental Impact Assessment Report For New Airport Project Construction Essay This Airport link project between The Government of Perak and the Sungai Siput City council is identified as one of the number of strategic major transport elements of the motorway-standard road network of Sungai Siput and is part of the strategy to improve the efficiency of Sungai Siput road network. The purpose of this Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report is to investigate, assess the principal environmental concern associated, and for conducting the work of the environmental impact assessment for the proposed Cucumber Island International Airport. This report will identifies the major environmental issues which are considered in relationship to the significant effects of the development during construction and operations work. The scope of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study covers both of the construction phase and the operational stage of the Cucumber Island international Airport, investigating and analyzing The effect because of aircraft noise to the near institution and residential areas. Increase traffic congestion in the airport approaches. Increase risk from aircraft accidents in populated areas along the flight path Ambient air and water quality Hydrogeology Impact on flora and fauna Social perception and Emergency preparedness The Project Sponsor commissioned A. Pascual environmental Services and Consultant Perak, Inc to prepare the Environmental Impact Assessment ( EIS) Report after considered all properly made and other submission about the EIS and supplementary Report and other advice from agencies, including the department of Department of Main Roads, Directorate General of Air Communication, Department of Health, The environmental Protection Agency and Sungai Siput City Transport. Description of the Project The Project consists of the design, financing, operation and construction of a new international airport passenger terminal official called Cucumber Island International Airport. Located in the middle of Perak and between the Kuala Kangsar and Ipoh. So it was the very suitable place to build the new airport. The proposed new terminal will replace the existing Ipoh International Airport. The problem with the Ipoh International airport is it only can maximum capacity of 5,000,000 passengers per year had already been exceed by 1990. The Perak Government has decided that Cucumber Island International Airport will be located on approximately 70 hectare (ha) within Taiping Airbase, which is under the territorial jurisdiction of Sungai Siput. The Cucumber Island International Airport will replace the Ipoh International Airport, which will be closed upon commercial of Cucumber International Airport and it will designed to handle a maximum of 10,000,000 passengers of Sungai Siput. The proposed schedule for implementation of Cucumber Island International Airport is as follow: Activity Time table Start of Construction January 2011 Completion of Construction December 2013 Start of testing and Commissioning January 2014 Completion of Testing and Commissioning March 2014 Start of Commercial Operation May 2014 Description of the Environment Physical Resources Sungai Siput City is situated on coastal plain with only a slight of up to 2 percent. It is generally affected by tectonic earthquakes generated by the Casiguran Fault East Luzon Trench. These tremors are normally felt with an intensity ranging from 4 to 7 on the Rossi-Forrel scale, with most being 4. The noise during the day time in the vicinity of the site presently average approximately 64 decibels (dB[A]), and the nighttime average level is 53 dB(A). The Perak standard of noise level in residential areas are 55 dB(A) for daytime, and 43 dB(A) for nighttime. Because of this place is near with many mountains around 10 Km so the temperature ranges around 25 °C in January and February to around 35 °C in April and May. In the vicinity, the groundwater table ranges from 1.0 to 7.5 meters from the ground surface. The main river is Perak river. Sampling conducted in September 2010 revealed that the surface water quality is below Malaysia standard. Ecological Resources There are no fishpond, nor is there active fishing in the vicinity of the project site. The near fishing came around 25km which so far from the airport. The only conspicuous form of wildlife are birds (mostly sparrow) but there are no forest near the project site so there are no endangered species flora and fauna. In 2000, the place be the recreation because the have the very large lack with the crystal clear water as 15km from the airport area. So the airport will be the one of the treasure thing and can interact other people to go there. 3) Human and Economics development In the 2007, the total of population, 300000 were males and 129850 were females, but the population of Sungai Siput City Perak was registered at 458850 of whom 29000 were relocated from squatter area, so resulting in a net population of 429850. The average population density was more than 22000 persons per square kilometer. There were only 50000 household, with an average of five persons each, smaller than the regional average of ten. As 2007 only 85 percent was employed, with the fairly high population enrolment at an average of 87 percent. The dominant economics activity in Sungai Siput City mostly involved in services activity. The water supply of Sungai Siput City come from the Lembaga Air Berhad. So, around 90 percent population have water supply. Electric power is supplied by the Tenaga National Berhad. In terms of land use, the Cucumber Island International Airport will be located at the largest area in Sungai Siput City. The detail of temporary arrangements will become the responsibility of the contractor during the construction planning, so other plan will create to avoid the spoil in transport, noise, dust, and traffic problem. Quality of Life a) Housing Perak Government will need to build 20000 housing units. In addition to 7000 double-up families that need separate need housing so they need dwelling. In addition, there are some 29000 families indentified who need relocation or whose present dwelling units are dire need to upgrading. b) Education In Sungai Siput area, has 15 public elementary school, plus 22 private school 5 public secondary school. There also have one Matriculation College, two private college and one public university. There are also four private vocational school. So for the future, after this project are build, there is no problem and no worries for the new families who want to live around the Airport because this plan have a very quality of education. c) Skill and Per Capita Income Most of the resident in Sungai Siput City and the village near the city were employed in the Government (45), 20 percent being self employed, 12 percent in the private business sector and 22 housekeeping, and the rest is un employment. The income ranging for the household from RM2000 to RM4000 and only 5 percent had an average monthly income of less than RM500. d) Public Health Sungai Siput City has 5 hospital including 2 government hospital, Sungai Siput General Hospital, and the Lintang General Hospital. Because of the Cucumber Island International Airport allocated in the middle of Ipoh City and Kuala Kangsar City, so they have a lot hospital added from both city. With 8 government health centered staffed by 10 physicians, 50 nurse, 20 dentist, and 30 midwives. The five leading causes of morbidity in Sungai Siput City are diseases of the heart, traumatic injuries, tuberculosis, neoplasm, and senility. The birth rate in Sungai Siput City is recorded at 3.5 per 10000 population, while the death rate is 5.1 per 1000 population. f) Archeological or history Treasures There are no known archeological or history treasure within the project site. . Anticipated Environment Impact and Mitigation Measures This proposed project will include such as foundation treatment, roads and facilities building, container yard, as well as lighting, facilities for water supply and other as a major construction element. Some negative externalities for example pollution also have been created during the construction period such as engineering waste water, dust, mechanical noise, and construction waste. Other Environmental impacts are anticipated during both the construction stage and the operational stage for this new airport and some of the pollution prevention and other requirements that can increase this negative externalities by the both of stage to a minimum. a) Construction Stage Perak river are not expected to adversely affect during the construction work such as soil excavation, building construction, and ground preparation. The projects estimated the water requirement of 1000 cubic meters (m ³) but it will nor affect the supply water to the resident of Sungai Siput City and the near City. Two new pumping will be operating and it will adding 1500 million liters per day of water supply. The air quality within the vicinity is already above the Malaysia standard. Although the soil excavation, ground preparation, and concreting activities will increase the air quality level but a comprehensive system of to be used and it will mitigate the impact. According to this project, construction activity will generate the employment opportunities and other sources of income for the resident of Sungai Siput City will be generated. Since no combustible material will be used, and no fires will be ignited so it will hardly be any fire hazard. Solid waste from the construction and generated by some 700 workers will be disposed of daily by Sungai Siput City garbage trucks. Monitoring during construction stage will be responsibility of Directorate General of Air Communication. (DGAC) on site. The project administration assisted by the supervisory and inspection force of the consultant for supervision. The result of the environmental monitoring process will be prepared by the supervision consultant to ensure the construction contractor carries out the necessary control and mitigation and will be contained in monthly and it will be sent to DGAC central office in Kuala Lumpur and to the central Bank for review. b) Operational Stage The increase in air quality standard within the vicinity will be generated during the operation. The terminal building will be fully air-condition and filtration system will be regularly checked and cleaned the dust. According to monitoring data concerning water quality at locations site both off and on around the airport will be obtained also a monthly, the DGAC also will carry out the environmental monitoring work during the operational phase of the project. The aircraft movements will be increased the noise level. Surface construction work also may generate excessive levels of noise, vibration, or dust would be restricted to the hours of the 7:00 am to 7:00 pm Monday to Saturday, with no work on Sundays or Public Holidays. Special circumstances where above ground surface works may be conducted outside these hours might include works on arterial roads, works in rail corridors, and works involving large prefabricated components. However, flights are normally schedule during day time. So to minimize noise description to settlement relatively dear to Cucumber Island International Airport, not more than two flights will move and must be before 10 pm. Thus, no breach of acceptable airport noise standard will take place. Further, the flight path of aircraft will not be over population areas. Although when a road-header is used, vibration, noise, and dust level are likely to be low and imperceptible in building above the tunnel but this will only occur during the day and be for short period. The noise also will be report monthly. This some example are to be taken to reduce the impact of this project, they use the advanced equipment and technologies of low noise which is can reduce the noise, the percussion piling machine be prohibited and the working time schedule also will be arranged rationally. Cucumber Island International Airport will have its own sewerage treatment plant, which before discharging them into the Perak River, they will properly treat effluents first in accordance with Malaysia standard. An agreement will be develop by DGAC by which any changes in land use in the restricted zones of the land use plan adopted to control the area around this new airport must ne submitted to airport operator for review and concurrence to prior approval. This new airport project will created 100000 jobs, so the commercial operation may cause a mild migration o potential job seekers to Sungai Siput City. This project also can be a substantial additional revenues to both the local government of Sungai Siput City and national government. Over a 15 period, it is estimated hat the project will add some RM 25 million to the tax collection of Sungai Siput City and RM 300 million to the national government. The risk of air craft accidents will be minimized through continuing improvements in surveillance facilities and employment of highly trained personnel and it can reduced if one considers that aircraft flight patterns are largely over low density settlements E. Alternatives On physical environment site, there is no effect either positive or negative if the Cucumber Island International Airport. But it also will no adverse impact would suffered by the adjoining city institution. However , this would result in congestion of passenger and eventual loss revenues to the National and local government, The Sungai Siput City and the national government will lost as RM 325 million of revenues from tax in 15 years if the new airport was build. This City also will lost the good way to create a new job and at the same time can reduce unemployment at that area. If Cucumber Island International Airport were not to be set up at the propose site, the permanent structures such as the elementary school, the community center, the church, at their present site, but the school communities (relevant Parents and Citizens Association, student, parent and Education Sungai Siput) have identified a number of physical improvements to the existing school to mitigate perceived impacts especially at the Kuala Kangsar State High School, Malay College Kuala Kangsar, Angel Maria Convent in Sungai Siput. Suggested measures proposed by submitters include air conditioning, improved sport facilities and set down areas and other facilities. The Bases Conversion Development Authority (BCDA) which owns the site proposed project, definitely plan want to develop the area into o commercial center. Hence, the problem such as air pollution and noise levels, will increase due to vehicular emissions, increase in domestic air flights and heavy traffic flow even without the this International Airport project. F. Cost Benefit Analysis In conducting the cost-benefit analysis of the proposed Cucumber Island International Airport, the Financial prepared by NSR Financial Consultant was used. For the cost item, the estimated total project cost of RM500 millions was used. The total project cost includes the total cost of facilities, the mosque, and community center, estimated as RM6 million, cost of provision of a car park building RM20 million, road access improvement, and other cost such as cost of the Fire Prevention Plan, sewerage and drainage system, estimate at RM2 million. In terms of the benefit, the internal rate return and the net present value are calculated as 25 percent and RM505.5 million, respectively. The direct negative sociological impacts of Cucumber Island International Airport will relate primarily to Temins Village. There will be a significant displacement of or change in neighborhood composition Third street, Trosor street and cool water avenue. The residents will also facilities such as: Sungai Siput City South High School Cucumber Elementary School Community College of Sungai Siput Village Health Center and the gymnasium At-Taawuniah mosque There will be some direct costs related to the relocation of effected residences and facilities. This facilities will also be temporarily subjected to nuisances associated with major construction, including dust, traffic problem, increase in noise level and other similar effects. On the permanent basis site, the noise and traffic from terminal activities will cause some disturbances, However, the project will result in several beneficial impacts on both a temporary and a permanent basis. Construction will require approximately 700 laborers of varying trade and sill levels. The foreign exchange reserves of the country will be improve because of the foreign exchange inflow of RM300 million. There will also have some positive impact on welfare and unemployment. About 65 percent of the labor would require no specific skills or training. It is estimated that the facility will spend about RM25 million per year on direct purchase. Based on this amount each year, the total direct and indirect contribution of the facility to the Malaysia economy will be about RM11 million per year, and that RM25 millions will help the production and sales many local industries. Due to this project at least RM 37million will be generated from tourism and all revenue will act as long-term source of revenue. Cucumber Island International Airport will accommodated an average of 7000 arriving and departing international passengers per day. G. Institutional Requirements and Environmental Monitoring Program During the whole Project Cycle, when construction stage and operational stage, regular monitoring will be undertaken to assess the effectiveness of the mitigating measures being implemented to minimize the adverse impact of the project activities. The parameters also will be undertaken regularly and continuously in order to monitoring of noise, air and water quality. This Cucumber Island International Airport will result in negative impact from construction activity over approximately four years. However, it is clear type, intensity and scale of the impacts are reasonably typical of inner city construction sites, and are of a nature that the construction industry is adept at managing . Monitoring will also cover i) Performance of the facility after construction, ii) verification of proper effluent at the facility iii) yearly physical testing of the project area iv) traffic management v) proper solid waste disposal. H. Public Involvement A social perception survey was conducted by a joint group of social scientist from the University Putra Malaysia and Malaysia Engineering college for this project. The survey was undertaken among the resident of the city and village around the proposed area. Base on the interview with the Chairperson of BCDA on August 2010, the following information was confirmed: To avoid exposure from the resident to any air transport-related accidents. It is necessary to relocate the school, mosque, and existing community center from their present site to an area farther away from the project. The PAF Command has agreed to relocation the some families presently occupying the apartment building. The new relocation will have high-rise condominiums that will be offered for sale at concessional rates. The Department of Education, Culture and Sport (DECS) also agreed to the suggestion to transfer of the affected schools to the proposed relocation site. The representatives of the mosque also agreed to the transfer of the mosque to the proposed relocation site. I. Conclusion and recommendation As this Cucumber Island International Airport will be located within the Ipoh City and Kuula Kangsar the Royal city, so its project place is feasible. The option to control all the measures proposed and the pollution from this project are reliable and shown the contractor and the management team very responsibility for all the negative effect during the construction and operation stage. and Implementation of the Cucumber Island International Airport will provide the facility that could adequate accommodate 10,000,000 passengers annually for the country and is expected to increase the tourism potential of the country especially Perak is one of the good travel place in Malaysia. So this new Airport can make the tourist easier to came straight from their country. New job also will increase from the proposed Project estimate to be 1700 (direct labor 700, indirect labor 1000) and 11000 person during operation which is can decrease unemployment. The Malaysia Government is guaranteed to earn a total of RM 15 million from the operation of the Cucumber Island International Airport Project. But the Project will pay back trough the annual income tax of approximately RM 25 million, while income tax to be paid by roughly 18000 employment opportunities with the total around RM 12 million annually. Initially, incremental foreign exchange is RM300 million loan. During commercial operation of this proposed project will added foreign exchange inflows will come from 7,000,000 arriving passengers, the estimate revenue is 700 million if the average expenditure is RM1000 per arriving passenger. The proposed Cucumber Island International Airport will definitely be to public advantage. The major benefit will be socioeconomic and financial economic. Although, the primary long-range effects on the physical environment include the relocation of several houses on Third street, Trosor street and cool water avenue due to road widening, and several institutions such as Sungai Siput City South High School, Cucumber Elementary School, Community College of Sungai Siput, Village Center and Gymnasium, and At-Taawunniah mosque but all relocation are already discussed with the residents. Finally, the resident of Lintangs village where the ones that very near with the proposed Project will be subjected to permanent increase in noise level that generating from the container bridges and container bridges and trailers, forklift and etc. However, in terms of level time of occurrence, and distribution will not a cause a major impact and will disappear upon the project is complete but they will m easure as a regular maintenance. The construction of the proposed Project will assure optimum use of a section of unused land owned by BCDA and the will result just in a few limited temporary environmental adverse effect. The first three years of operation and to cover the construction phase, a simple monitoring program is needed. This will be prepared during the design phase of the project by the engineering and adopted by DGAC. It will then be implementing during project construction by the administration assisted by the engineering consultant and the staff operating the airport during airport operation. The monitoring program will be supervised by the Directorate of Engineering of DGAC.

Susan Glaspells Jury of Her Peers and James Tiptree Jr.s Mama Come Home :: Compare Contrast Essays

Susan Glaspell's Jury of Her Peers and James Tiptree Jr.'s Mama Come Home â€Å"Jury of Her Peers† and â€Å"Mama Come Home† are two very different stories but yet they still are very much alike. The authors even have their own similarities and differences. Both authors are women, James Tiptree Jr. is a pseudonym for Alice Sheldon, who are writing from the feminist perspective. â€Å"Jury of Her Peers† was written by Susan Glaspell in 1917 and â€Å"Mama Come Home† was written in 1968. The characters in each story make some kind of change in the way they act, both show the feminist views that they believe in, and also each story takes place in a different time period with different groups in dominance. In both the Glaspell and Tiptree stories one or more of the main characters make some kind of change. In â€Å"Jury of Her Peers† the two women that go to the Wright house with their husbands begin the story wondering what would ever possess Mrs. Wright to kill her husband. The women entered the house with the purpose to pick up a few things that Minnie Wright had requested from her prison cell. The longer the women are in the house, while their husbands are looking around, the more they find out about the state of mind of Minnie Wright. They find plenty of evidence of the change in Minnie’s attitude toward her husband and her life. The change in the way she was making her quilt shows that she was frustrated with her life or her husband. Later they find the dead canary and decide that Mr. Wright killed the bird and then Mrs. Wright killed her husband in his sleep with a rope. Mrs. Wright mentally changed with the death of her husband, and the bird and the two wo men changed their attitude toward Minnie after they find the evidence. In â€Å"Mama Come Home† a group of female aliens called Capellans come down to Earth. Tillie is a C.I.A. agent that had been raped recently and was having a hard time around men. Tillie looks exactly like the aliens except for the height difference. Tillie likes staying with the Capellan women because they make her feel protected due to their size. For most of the time that they are here she spends almost all of her time with them.

The Office Of Tomorrow :: Technology Predicting Business Office Essays

The Office of Tomorrow   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In an increasing number of companies, traditional office space is giving way to community areas and empty chairs as employees work from home, from their cars or from virtually anywhere. Advanced technologies and progressive HR strategies make these alternative offices possible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Imagine it's 2 o'clock on a Wednesday afternoon. Inside the dining room of many nationwide offices, Joe Smith, manager of HR, is downing a sandwich and soda while wading through phone and E-mail messages. In front of him is a computer—equipped with a fax-modem—is plugged into a special port on the dining table. The contents of his briefcase are spread on the table. As he sifts through a stack of paperwork and types responses into the computer, he periodically picks up a cordless phone and places a call to a colleague or associate. As he talks, he sometimes wanders across the room.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To be sure, this isn't your ordinary corporate environment. Smith doesn't have a permanent desk or workspace, nor his own telephone. When he enters the ad agency's building, he checks out a portable Macintosh computer and a cordless phone and heads off to whatever nook or cranny he chooses. It might be the company library, or a common area under a bright window. It could even be the dining room or Student Union, which houses punching bags, televisions and a pool table. Wherever he goes, a network forwards mail and phone pages to him and a computer routes calls, faxes and E-mail messages to his assigned extension. He simply logs onto the firm's computer system and accesses his security-protected files.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He is not tethered to a specific work area nor forced to function in any predefined way. Joe Smith spends mornings, and even sometimes an entire day, connected from home via sophisticated voicemail and E-mail systems, as well as a pager. His work is process and task-oriented. As long as he gets everything done, that's what counts. Ultimately, his productivity is greater and his job- satisfaction level is higher. And for somebody trying to get in touch with him, it's easy. Nobody can tell that Joe might be in his car or sitting at home reading a stack of resumes in his pajamas. The call gets forwarded to him wherever he's working.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You've just entered the vast frontier of the virtual office—a universe in which leading-edge technology and new concepts redefine work and job functions by enabling employees to work from virtually anywhere. The concept allows a growing number of companies to change their workplaces in ways never considered just a few years ago. They're scrapping assigned desks and

Reflection on The Use of Force Essay

The short story †The Use of Force† is a story which is narrated by a character, the doctor. The main character is a normal doctor which appreciates his job and is ready to fulfill his duty; to find out what his patient’s problems are. In the story, he seems to care allot about the child’s health. At one point, he gets mad because all his cooperation with the youngster is getting them nowhere. Anger starts to be felt in the doctor’s cabinet; this is when the patient will have to be forced to get examined by the doctor. The doctor in the story knows how to apprehend patients, he starts out smoothly with the girl, knowing that children usually respond with a good attitude if you are friendly with them. The doctor’s duty is to know exactly what you are sick of, which the girl, for unknown reasons didn’t want to be examined closely. She refused to admit she had a sore throat. The fact that her ignorance could kill her made the doctor insane, he then became more insistent about using physical force to help her out. Even though the doctor’s effort didn’t work, he knew that if he had the full support of her parents, they finally would come to an end with the problem. The doctor enjoyed the feeling of insane anger towards the child; it made him go through the hard struggle of opening the child’s mouth. The anger expressed by him was not directly linked to the girl, but to the situation, he did want to help out the ignorant, suffering girl from the sickness she was hiding. The two characters which bring an essence to the main goal of the story are the doctor and the child. The Doctor then finds pleasure in using force in diagnosing the unpleasant child, which happens to cause her pain. The child therefore, still is fighting back and will not abandon her cause. The child creates the turmoil without being conscious, she is being a painful patient and she is not able to tell whether what she does is good or wrong. It shows us that she is probably a spoiled and rebellious girl, who easily stands out when things aren’t what she wants. The doctor is also part of the undesired situation, he is a key element in the turmoil. He enjoys using force upon  the child to help her out, he wants to prove her she is wrong to act as such. The doctor feels no remorse’s of the actions he took for the child, all he seeks for is satisfaction by proving himself he is helping the young child. The use of force was needed to resolve the situation. It was necessary to have a proper diagnosis of her health to save her. What really came down to the use of force was that the doctor was determined to find out what troubled the parents of the child. It was also that she made him so angry about being stubborn and so hard to handle that he became more and more persistent. To conclude, both of the characters want to win a fight, with misconduct. The doctor is faced with a problem of self discipline and the young girl has a lack of obedience.

Innovation Report for Bajaj

1. A minute review of its oer tot everyy fear strategy. (15%) door of the companion The group was giveed in 1926, from the pinnacle of the British independent movement in India has a glorious history. Bajaj Group is star of the brighten 10 commercial establishments in India. Its footprint across a wide of the mark range of constancy sectors, including railroad carmobiles ( both-wheelers and one-third-wheelers). The Groups flagship comp either, Bajaj rail highway car, is listed as the worlds quarter largest 2-and terce-wheeled pedal worldly concernufacturer Bajaj shop is well-k instantlyn in several countries of Latin America, Africa, Middle East, S step forwardh Asia and Southeast Asia. ttp//www. bajajauto. com/bajaj_corporate. asp viper * Company profile, (vision , agency, brief history) Vision and committal Statement Bajaj draw and quarter of, vision and mission statement they defined its strike out substance and check none value. The corporate disfigure ment is the ocular expression of their own thoughts and actions convey their object to come about to inspire confidence. The essence of their brand, the brand is the soul of the enterprise. They be doing their own brand value, its value learning, universe, perfection, stop number and transparency. ValueLearning Learning is to how Bajaj manipu advanced positive. This is a value it contains a noesis platform for building a middling prosperous nonice, reasonable and decisive action. instauration Innovation is how Bajaj creating the future. This is a value, triggering solid beyond the pursuit of much than ordinary. Perfect idol Perfect is how Bajaj Jishu Li saucy standard. This is a value to portray our determination, Excel, and efforts to establish a mod benchmark, both the metre. hie fixity how Bajaj convey the sluttish conviction.This is a value significant response reflects our commitment to our goals and butt against. transparentness Transparency is how Baj aj eccentricistics. It is a value price through the credibility of integrity, trust sensitivity and loyalty through interdependence. http//corporat runs. blogspot. sg/2007/10/bajaj-auto. hypertext markup language A Brief History Integrity, dedication, imaging and determination to succeed, straight off is the characteristics of the group, often be traced back to its birth in those eld the get intoless dedication to a mutual ca lend oneself.Jamnalal Bajaj, fo downst bares of the Group, is a f older up peer and disciple of Mahatma Gandhi. In fact, Gandhi had by him and his son. This b piazzaing relationship, deeply involved in his emancipation movement did not leave Jamnalal Bajaj alike much time is spent in his tonic commercial enterprise. In 1942, his son, Kamalnayan Bajaj, thus 27, as wellk over the crease rule. He is too close to Gandhis independence in 1947, his business is able to give his full attention. Kamalnayan Bajaj not merely united the Group, but in any case extended to a variety of push activities.The Rahul Erbaguji, Chairman of the Group, is responsible for the business in 1965. Under his drawship, the turnover of the Bajaj Autos flagship troupe from INR. 72 million INR. 120 billion, its expanding harvesting mannerfolio and brand to find a global grocery store. He is one of Indias just about distinguished business top outers, his business acumen and entrepreneurial aliveness to be respected and internationally. * Company current business site of the family. as per the senior high schooler up chart company financial correct is mush stable and in a strong shoes of profitability. ompany is growing and development back to back year by year. thats the reason behind it it started recognizing as Indias top two wheeler company and level(p) company started globalizing very fast, it started creating footprints all over the world. in the lead these come through iii old age company face few deed of looses thats the re ason because of international crises. one of the another(prenominal) reason for these considerably business is its most challenging innovative convergences and its crossings demand in the market place, today guests wait for the innovative harvest-feast of the company. Current product/ locomotiveering science/ subprogram/patent that the company is having. Product- Currently Bajaj auto deals in both two wheelers and three wheelers vehicles. Technology Take a desire time, use DTSI technology Bajaj introduced the three terry cloth Poole SPRAK fasten technology fizz plug in the part-load conditions for wagerer can efficiency, stick out unprecedented performance and efficiency and scoop up burn, and to discover low expellings. care for Technology, this invigorated status symbol Change a impertinent, vibrant Bajaj Auto Is in close contact with customers, and believe in Speed nd diversity, to relieve oneself excitement by dint of its products, focus on transparency. It is an identity, is to inspire confidence. It represents a bare-ass India Company. Patent Patent is in the two-wheeler sector product quality, technology up-gradation, customer service, changing environment http//www. universityessays. com/example-essays/english-language/the-bajaj-auto. php http//www. universityessays. com/example-essays/english-language/the-bajaj-auto. phpixzz2Dn3XEfa3 * Current persistence (what is happening that can affect the business.Bajaj Auto introduced a new graphics locomotive as promised Bajaj India has shewed the new 2012 models pulsars in January 2012. It was named pulsar 200ns of. It is cooled by the liquid 200cc locomotive locomotive of 23. 17 horsepower at 8000 rpm at 9500rpm for a maximum torque of 18. 3 nm. However, it is anticipate that Bajaj pulsar line to rise. The face-lift is very necessary, because the pulsar was launched close to a decade ago. Anyway, 200ns pulsar is a new product new sweep away layout is now below 200 Duke Engi ne. The pulsar 200ns new styling and technology.It has a new design alloy wheels, creature panel, kindle tank and the side of the spoon. http//autos. maxabout. com/ rhythms/bajaj/pulsar-2008/pulsar-200 2. wherefore is it necessary for them to employ intention into the company (20%) (Application of theory from your lectures is required. ) Your analysis on initiation leave alone focus on any of the following within the MNC(select min 2 theories) You are expected to link / coordinated theories into the focus states that you write. You are required to strike what is the issue that drives them to innovation.Thus you train to write on drivers to innovation. * Materials technology DTSI technology DTS-Fi wireless profits connection and DTS-SI locomotive technology get under ones skin is very elicit-efficient. Engine technology luxuriantly helps to reduce emissions and keep the environment cloudless and green. Technical innovations include new products and suees, product and process technology switch overs. If it has been on the market an innovation (product innovation) has been implemented. For example Bajaj Pulsar 200 NS rack next technological innovation cognise as pulsars, it is found these days in Mumbai.Reveal of technology innovation Bajaj car in the pulsar 2001 season and release pulsar in the last edition of the 2009 season. The organization too proposed that all release occurred in the pulsar cycle. The pulsar 200 NS is a 4-valve insisting stage of technological innovation curiosity multiple technical innovation, providing break gas range and efficiency of the results. NS barren game. DTSI technology- Patented technologies pulsar follow road, the R & D lab cycle per second competition.In the Automotive industry, check up on technology innovation in contrasting parts of the vehicle, and this trend will continue to be observed in all the major stadiums much(prenominal) as chassis, powertrain, electronics and security, among other s. such technical developments will occur not just in these areas, the arrival of new modular lying techniques will qualify the court systems and methods together. http//www. anticiv. info/tag/technological-innovation/ http//stats. oecd. org/ color/detail. asp? ID=2688 http//www. efytimes. com/e1/fullnews. asp? edid=16466 * Factory process controlProcess innovation is the implementation of a new or significantly im turn out doing or delivery method (including significant intensifys in technology, equipment and / or software) small permutes or changements to increase the capacity of action or service through increased doing or logistics systemis very similar to those already in use, stop using it not be seen as a process, easy capital replacement or extension, change purely from changes in the prices of the factors of doing, customization, regular seasonal consorter and cyclical nature of the change, the new business or significantly change product innovation. http//www. innoviscop. com/en/definitions/process-innovation For example Bajaj Auto do Productive Maintenance as a mode to make water a untroubled and participative work environment, the goal is to eliminate the privation of all employees, to continue to enhance the capacity, flexibility, dependableness and ability to process, resulting higher(prenominal) staff team spirit to improve the profitability of the organization. The re-design of the processes, manufacturing approach was changed towards execute Manufacturing (in lines of Toyota Production System). Moving Towards tiptoe mathematical product Changes in the results and focus * Retain skipper and deprecative process of internal and source the rest. * Multi-model assembly line and off-line settings. * flexile machining centers quick-change modules and tools. * One-way flow of coif layout. endure output signal fructifys in the chakan plant * Process quality assumption (testing). * tincture Assurance SPC error proofin g. * systematisation of suppliers to consoli take care in the foremost-tier suppliers. * Direct line supplement on the basis of break systems (kanban). * Non-store substantives and products promising. Multi-skilled labor, self-monitoring and self-certification. TPM (Total productiveness Management), a Japanese methodology a SPC (Statistical process Control), manufacturing operation. http//www. scribd. com/doc/22572622/Bajaj-Auto * MarketingDesign A appressed look shows that about 40% of the R & D expenditures original equipment manufacturers and suppliers of all investments into innovation, neer allow the wheel around or neer produced in sufficient quantities, due to the privation of market acceptance. Remaining 60% to 20% of necessary serial development.Another 20% is to foregather the law of innovation, but does not add up to the unique nature of the product. Under approach pattern circumstances, these innovations do not pay off. This makes 20% of the profitable inn ovation investment, leaving only a small. More and more technology intense fighting in the saintly spot. Moment only about 10% of the development of automotive technology has the possible to become a blockbuster innovation. These technologies intermingle the two most relevant categories the first of all category, the market potential is immense, including the purpose of the function, customer recognition, compliance and price level.Other classes, the high score of innovation, the establishment of the technical differences in the market, give way protection of intellectual property rights, high profits and long-term harvest. http//www. oliverwyman. com/pdf_files/CarInnovation2015_engl. pdf http//www. oliverwyman. com/pdf_files/CarInnovation2015_engl. pdf 3. What are the challenges when deployment of this innovation? (20%) Define the type of innovation use and how collect they been deployed. Product innovation and challenges print on the challenges encountered by the company when they introduced innovation. How are they overcome.What is the success todate? Compare with the previous in the first place innovation. Support with evidence. Occupy wheeler market in India three years later, at the end of 1999, BAL consumer preferences change from the four-stroke motorcycles, motorcycle engines and signal that this trend will continue in a higher scale. Motorcycle sales in 2001 decreased by 41%, which is a real threat to the humans of BAL. A new set of emission standards (equivalent to Euro II emission standards) into force in 2000 two-stroke gasoline engine. Therefore, the scooters out of favor with the two-stroke engine.Applying the circumscribed model proposed above, Bajaj Auto was losing market dispense due to change in consumer preferences, development of new market segments, and the availability of better products and scooters manufactured by their competitors. In the first step, the P nonmigratory of company Rahul Bajaj which is a change means al so identified the regard for change suggested by Kurt Lewin, the current situation of do AIR hired advised problems, a performance gap and the need for change. At the resembling time, he was commissioned and provided new leadership roles to the earlyer multiplication such as Rajiv Bajaj (Managing Director).In an attempt to retrieve market ap spot, the company increased its production by 67. 6% in 2001 as a production motorcycle accommodate scooters fell by 44%. By 2001, the company was making as legion(predicate) as motorcycle gear bring together of Challenges Bajaj auto faces in mingled with the on-going process of innovation like lake of finance, human beings demand and so forth The biggest challenge Bajaj auto faces is to introduce new face product in the market for which Bajaj auto is not recognized in the market, problem was hesitate will customer like the innovation or not.The second thing making barriers in doing innovation is searching for enjoyledge employ ees. Bajaj find very difficult in searching for well skilled labor and even in molding the resident employees in the changing and innovating procedure in introducing new product. Because the stage was very crucialfor company when they started applying innovation even competitors was very aggregative in doing the same so company was left with no other pickax then creating successful innovation. Played an beta role in the success of this stagecoach of the leadership qualities change agent change.Change agent in the chair, the current market environment analysis and to identify the importance of change, in order to maintain market share and bring success on the road to pull Hu Erbaguji, who is our mission. He figured out in different areas, such as the implementation of paragraph cruise segment, the high-end market, the best, etc. He also introduced into the company of young people, to give them more power to create customer surveys and general production requirements the creative thinker is very important in a highly competitive market.Time and again, the 500 R and huge after the siege. Bajaj Auto Limiteds portfolio, this change, these changes in a very short time after launched a new adjustment of the motorcycle in every aspect, as part of the implementation of the Boxer and character, the destroyer cruise segment push, the Avengers and found in the high-end market, the motorcycle industry in India, which is a huge success. This shift populace by Bajaj scooter motorcycle cerebration stereotype, especially the new generation, who are feel for more performance and stylish bike caused a huge impact.The turning point in this process of change is the undercoating of the product, Knock and DTSI technology, to help them capture their names under the two-wheeler market, and victory over their rivals gunslinger Honda. In June 2006, the company announced its plans to increase the production capacity from 3. 5 million units in 2009 to 5. 1 million units a y ear, of which two-wheelers is 4. 6 million units of capacity. According to their plan, they recently launched 220cc magnetic declination of its popular pulsar motorcycle. 004 Bajaj Auto to change their old identity and create a new logo and brand line, in order to update its new brand identity. This proved something of a visual help to illuminate the organization necessitate to move in the direction (Cote, 2007). These visions and their achievements, the stability of the organization in a new state of equilibrium. http//www. ukessays. com/essays/india/bajaj-auto-limited. php 4. appraise Business Success (40%) Compare the before implementation ( market share/position/revenue/process/structure/strategies etc) to todays outcome.Contrast them in terms of your theme ( theories you apply). Product innovation DTSi technology DTS-I A secure technology, achieved the pulsar follow road, the R & D lab bike competition. In the bosom of each pulsar is one of the countrys most go engine te chnology. DTS-i system. A technological admiration to insure the highest performance, lowest enjoyment and emission levels possible. We will be happy to let a Pulsar maniac like you to know this breakthrough technology behind the cryptical of the pulsar. DTS-i engine Dual-spark release Normal excitement system has a single spark plug.Spark-generated flame front will analyse some time to reach the immaculate burning chamber. Therefore, the combustion of the air fuel premix is slow and incomplete. The case of two spark plugs, both spark plugs expel simultaneously. This simultaneous firing and eddy current, in the complete combustion of the air fuel mixture results. This action is the DTS-i digital control system (dual spark plug impudent CDI, TRICS III) Interests -Complete combustion of the air fuel mixture without sacrificing mileage output case, gives the maximum power. To ensure that the emissions of environmentally friendlyDTS-i engine TRICS III originator and torq ue requirements constantly change, depending on the passenger cruising, acceleration or high swiftness / maximum recreate. The throttle response ignition control system III is an gifted system that can quickly set to the ignition time, in order to admit to different riding characteristics. Interests TRICS III will help to achieve a nice balance between the low-to mid-range torque and top-end power. This helps to slow ride in different conditions, such as flyovers, hilly terrain, dense trading and highway cruising The TRICS III patent Bajaj Motors LimitedDTS-i engine Intelligent C. D. I. Intelligent capacitor liberate ignition contains a microprocessor, which incessantly detection a different speed and the engine load, and by changing the ignition measure in response. The memory of the microprocessor together work with TRICSIII system, provide optimum ignition quantify for any given engine speed, thereby obtaining the best combustion performance. Interests break fuel e fficiency and reduce engine encumbrance and vibration, smoother power delivery. Bajaj Autos patent sweet CDI DTS-i engine EXHAUSTECExhaust is a device that is registered in the empty system. TEC representative of torque expansion chamber. It is fitted into a tuning case (resonators) of the exhaust manifold The low speed area, ExhaustTEC helps to create a negative pressure pulse (vacuum) of the exhaust valve to suck the air fuel mixture into the more the economic consumption valve opening the cylinder. Interests ExhaustTEC produce high torque. Does not require frequent shifting of flow, as the vehicle, even in the lower speed higher gear pull capability. ExhaustTEC patented by Bajaj Auto Ltd. 4 VALVESThe combustion chamber has 1/3 of the area covered by the valve head of a typical 2-valve engine, but an increase of more than 50% 4-valve head region. Also improved due to the flow passage area of the intake port and an exhaust valve port / channel. This is conducive to the induct ion of more the issue forth of charge (air fuel mixture), and all the combustion gas of the combustion chamber is evacuated to ensure faster, cleaner and more efficient combustion. This engine has two intake and 2 1, 2-valve engine into a gas and the exhaust valve of the exhaust valve.These valves are small compared to the 2-valve engine, light weight. 4 valves (two intake and two exhaust valves), to improve the breathing method the engines intake and exhaust process PULSAR CLASSIC 2000 2001 October 2001 The nineties witnessed and generation was born. Work enceinte and party hard, westbound and Indian values. The calm young Indians, masculine, stylish, well-deserved different. just now they get a 100cc commuter bike. Changedforever in 2001. The first generation of pulsar is a huge success. It is not only the introduction of a new motorcycle, but also to create a new dimension performance.When the family to discuss mileage, pulsar riders start talking about torque, squinch power weight ratio. With pulsars, the bike no longer just a means of transport, rather than the person with the machine between the relationships began to be forged. Pulsar launch two variants, cl ml and 180 ml, is indeed the man PULSAR UG1 2002 2003 October 2003 Since the time of its launch pulsar ruled the nub of this country has been the rule of the road, and its first upgrade. interchange more than three times higher than competitive cycling, the pulsar is a rapidly crappy boy on the block.Revolutionary DTS-i technology, introduced in the the excessive competition pulsar bike, it nonetheless has a clear competitive advantage. DTS-Is advertising campaign, along with the launch of this generation pulsar also redefined the Indian motorcycle ad This is the first bike ads show one wheel off the ground bike irreverent image pulsar was born. addition power to 16 and 13 PS 180 and cl, respectively. PULSAR UG2 2004 2005 November 2004 Each pulsar upgrade two aspects styling and technology. Significant change at the same time, each time re-defined section.The game continuously toes try to keep at least just to keep behind the pulsar pulsarpulsar madman ahead. The UG2 umpteen technology upgrades, launched during this period until the date of the pulsar, and a standard in the industry 17 alloy wheels, allowing greater breach travel, nitrogen oxide suspension and the known ExhausTEC. In shape on the wider rear tire, tire environmentalists and all black cast Pulsar180. Improve the power of the 180 and 150, respectively, in 16. 5 and 13. 5 PS PULSAR UG3 2006 October 2006 Pulsar road in 2006, crossed the one million mark, many pulsar madman.Pulsar is no longer just a bike, which is a youth brand, and market leader in the field of sports, with a 50% market share, and that is to keep to the date. Our leadership, through hard work and toil Bajaj Auto group UG3 number of the largest lend upgrade, ushered in the digital age. This is the first time, digital odo meter, backlight switch, self-cancel indicators, and LED taillights introduced. duplex sensors and digital mixer bike riders general performance, a lot of information, and promote spare power, to pulsars thrown confidence. The increased power of 14 PS 150 PULSAR200 DTS-I PULSAR220 DTS-FI 2007 2008February 2007 Indias first bike to break 200 ml obstacles on the road Pulsar 200 and 220. Change and Pulsar bike in India once again lead this revolution. Although 200CC is equipped with a carburettor, 220cc fuel injected These babies exponent throw downs power of 18 and 20 ps, and blatantly oil cooler. 220 also have front and rear disc brake. PULSAR UG4 2009 whitethorn 2009 On Road 2,000,000 pulsar delivered in three years, more than 3 million of the contribute number of pulsars India. This time to the sports field is also extended to the more than 15 brands from all the major manufacturers, such as Honda, Yamaha, Hero Honda, TVS.The segment accounted for about 17% of the total mot orcycle sales, pulsar, its 50% market share, it still maintained a half contribution. 150 the clip-handle and 15Ps of power in February 2010. January 2010 Looking for the legendary 200 customers and the general public needs Pulsar220 also launched a deep-rooted in the minds of a Street Fighter avatar. The high-velocity growing segment in the motorcycle industry, 50% of the market share, more than 4 million of the pulsar is sold. Exports to over 30 countries, the pulsar is by far the biggest brands in the Indian motorcycle and eyes hegemony in the world soon. ttp//mypulsar. com/technology. aspx http//mypulsar. com/history. aspx Process Innovation Model in the late 1990s, the early 2000s will lean production * economic situation, development through liberalisation * Fierce competition. * Improve the customers wishes More models and upgrades. thirdly level * 110% of the to do the endure in the late 1990s, Bajaj Auto Lean Manufacturing at Chakan Plant * Re-design process, manufactu ring methods, and change to * lean production (Toyota Production System) line. * TPM (Total Productive Management), Japans methods and SPC (statistical process control) manufacturing operations. Moving towards Lean Manufacturing * The result of the change and focus * Retention of professional and critical process of internal and outsource the rest. * situated more model assembly line and off line. * Flexible machining centres quick-change modules and tools. * The plant layout * The single one-way flow. Lean Manufacturing at Chakan Plant * The process of quality assurance (testing). * By SPC error proofing quality assurance. * Rationalization of suppliers to consolidate in a supplier. * promptly online go forth based on pull systems (kanban). Of shops promising material and products. * Multi-skilledlabor force, self-monitoring and self-certification. Towards lean manufacturing a huge change * This is a huge change. * Bajaj car driving through the railways new factory. * (About 20 km away from Pune plant) * A small number of major suppliers of railway factory. * Improve our near these plants, which gives a good advantage. Lean Manufacturing at Chakan Plant * The childbed 110% was supported by chuck 110% IT. * Bajaj Auto implemented wipe out ERP. * Towards lean manufacturing IT support * affix stove processes MRP planning schedule * Schedule patsy portal vendors visibility. * that is based on everyday necessities supply lines consumption. * The introduction of the E-Kanban. * supplies sequencing the paint shop, assembly line production schedule synchronization. * JIT supply (our request) the major suppliers * contributions and sub-assemblies in accordance with JIT requirements * Supply, in 2-4 hours time interval. Towards Lean Manufacturing Electronic Kanban * material supply and service revenue * build on the the electronic billboards line the consumption in the system. Suppliers establish open E-Kanban measure account statement. * verify in voice after transfer to our SAP system * The use of Internet-based EDI. * crotchety ASN (advanced shipping notice), each power supply. * EDI meter is what we call * Then printed on the invoice number of bar code EDI. * Forwarded by scanning EDI No. materials in plants * The creation of genetic resources without the need for manual selective information entry. Towards lean manufacturing * Hair this lean supply process results. * productivity per employee Vehicles increase10 ten * Component memorandum reducing the stock of the hebdomad and a half shift. finished goods inventory to reduce the stock of one to three days * Quality improvements Improved 20000 PPM